Anan za mu gabatar da matakai 10 da aka saba amfani da su na gyare-gyaren filastik.Karanta don ƙarin sani.
1. Injection Molding
2. Blow Molding
3. Extrusion Molding
4. Kalanda (zane, fim)
5. Matsi Molding
6. Matsi Injection Molding
7. Juyawa Molding
8. Takwas, Filastik Drop Molding
9. Kumburi Foring
10. Slush Molding
1. Injection Molding
Ƙa'idar yin gyare-gyaren allura ita ce ƙara ɗanyen granular ko foda a cikin hopper na injin allura, kuma albarkatun suna zafi kuma suna narke cikin yanayin ruwa.Kore ta dunƙule ko fistan na allura inji, shi shiga cikin mold rami ta bututun ƙarfe da gating tsarin na mold da taurare da siffofi a cikin mold rami.Abubuwan da ke shafar ingancin gyaran allura: matsa lamba, lokacin allura, da zafin allura.
Fasalolin tsari:
Amfani:
(1) Short gyare-gyaren sake zagayowar, high samar yadda ya dace, da kuma sauki aiki da kai.
(2) Yana iya samar da sassa na filastik tare da hadaddun sifofi, madaidaicin girma, da ƙarfe ko abubuwan da ba na ƙarfe ba.
(3) Ingancin samfurin barga.
(4) Faɗin daidaitawa.
Nasara:
(1) Farashin kayan aikin gyaran allura yana da girma.
(2) Tsarin ƙirar allura yana da rikitarwa.
(3) Farashin samarwa yana da yawa, sake zagayowar samarwa yana da tsayi, kuma bai dace da samar da nau'ikan filastik guda ɗaya da ƙananan nau'ikan filastik ba.
Aikace-aikace:
A cikin samfuran masana'antu, samfuran da aka ƙera allura sun haɗa da kayan dafa abinci (gwangwani, kwano, buckets, tukwane, kayan tebur, da kwantena daban-daban), ɗakunan kayan lantarki (masu busar gashi, injin tsabtace ruwa, mahaɗa abinci, da sauransu), kayan wasan yara da wasanni, motoci. Kayayyakin masana'antu daban-daban, sassan wasu samfuran da yawa, da sauransu.
1) Saka Injection Molding
Saka gyare-gyare yana nufin allurar guduro bayan ɗora abubuwan da aka riga aka shirya na kayan daban-daban a cikin ƙirar.Hanyar gyare-gyaren da aka haɗe kayan narkakkar zuwa abin sakawa kuma an ƙarfafa su don samar da haɗe-haɗen samfur.
Fasalolin tsari:
(1) Haɗin da aka riga aka yi na abubuwan da aka saka da yawa yana sa aikin injiniya bayan haɗin haɗin samfurin ya fi dacewa.
(2) Haɗuwa da sauƙin tsari da lanƙwasa na guduro da rigidity, ƙarfi, da juriya na ƙarfe za a iya sanya su cikin hadaddun samfuran samfuran ƙarfe-filastik masu kyan gani.
(3) Musamman ta hanyar yin amfani da haɗin haɗin rufin resin da ƙarfin ƙarfe, samfuran da aka ƙera na iya saduwa da mahimman ayyukan samfuran lantarki.
(4) Don samfuran gyare-gyaren gyare-gyare da samfuran roba masu lanƙwasa akan pads ɗin roba, bayan yin gyare-gyaren allura akan substrate don samar da samfuran da aka haɗa, za'a iya barin aiki mai rikitarwa na shirya zoben rufewa, yana sa haɗuwa ta atomatik na tsarin na gaba ya fi sauƙi. .
2) Gyaran allura mai launi biyu
Yin gyare-gyaren allura mai launi biyu yana nufin hanyar yin gyare-gyare na allurar robobi masu launi daban-daban a cikin tsari iri ɗaya.Yana iya sa filastik ya bayyana cikin launuka biyu daban-daban kuma yana iya sanya sassan filastik su gabatar da tsari na yau da kullun ko tsarin moiré wanda bai dace ba, don haɓaka amfani da ƙayatarwa na sassan filastik.
Fasalolin tsari:
(1) Babban abu na iya amfani da ƙananan danko kayan don rage matsa lamba na allura.
(2) Daga la'akari da kariyar muhalli, ainihin abu na iya amfani da abu na biyu da aka sake yin fa'ida.
(3) Dangane da halaye na amfani daban-daban, alal misali, ana amfani da kayan laushi don ƙirar fata na samfuran kauri, kuma ana amfani da kayan aiki mai ƙarfi don ainihin kayan.Ko ainihin kayan na iya amfani da filastik kumfa don rage nauyi.
(4) Za a iya amfani da ƙananan kayan mahimmanci don rage farashi.
(5) Ana iya yin kayan fata ko ainihin kayan da aka yi da kayan tsada tare da kaddarorin saman na musamman, irin su tsangwama na igiyar lantarki, babban ƙarfin lantarki, da sauran kayan.Wannan na iya ƙara aikin samfur.
(6) Haɗin da ya dace na kayan fata da kayan mahimmanci na iya rage ragowar damuwa na samfuran da aka ƙera, da haɓaka ƙarfin injiniya ko kaddarorin saman samfur.
3) Tsarin Gyaran Injection Microfoam
Tsarin gyare-gyaren allura na Microfoam sabuwar fasaha ce ta ƙirar allura.Samfurin yana cike da haɓakar pores, kuma an kammala samar da samfurin a ƙarƙashin ƙananan matsa lamba.
Ana iya raba tsarin gyaran kumfa na microcellular zuwa matakai uku:
Na farko, ruwan da ya fi girma (carbon dioxide ko nitrogen) yana narkar da shi a cikin mannen narke mai zafi don samar da mafita na lokaci guda.Sa'an nan kuma an allura a cikin kogon mold a ƙananan zafin jiki da matsa lamba ta hanyar bututun juyawa.An samar da adadi mai yawa na kumfa na iska a cikin samfurin saboda rashin zaman lafiyar kwayoyin halitta wanda ya haifar da zafin jiki da rage matsa lamba.Wadannan kumfa nuclei sannu a hankali suna girma zuwa kananan ramuka.
Fasalolin tsari:
(1) Daidaitaccen gyaran allura.
(2) Gano iyakoki da yawa na gyaran allura na gargajiya.Yana iya muhimmanci rage nauyi na workpiece da kuma rage gyare-gyaren sake zagayowar.
(3) The warping nakasawa da girma kwanciyar hankali na workpiece an inganta ƙwarai.
Aikace-aikace:
Dashboards na mota, faifan kofa, bututun sanyaya iska, da sauransu.
4) Nano Injection Molding (NMT)
NMT (Nano Molding Technology) hanya ce ta haɗa karfe da filastik tare da nanotechnology.Bayan an yi wa saman karfen nano magani, ana yin allurar kai tsaye a kan saman karfen, ta yadda karfe da robobin za su iya zama gaba daya.Fasahar gyare-gyaren Nano ta kasu kashi biyu na matakai bisa ga wurin filastik:
(1) Filastik shine gyare-gyaren da ba a bayyana ba.
(2) Ana yin filastik tare da haɗin gwiwa don saman waje.
Fasalolin tsari:
(1) Samfurin yana da kamanni na ƙarfe da laushi.
(2) Sauƙaƙe ƙira na sassan injiniyoyi na samfur, sanya samfurin ya zama mai sauƙi, ƙarami, guntu, ƙarami, kuma mafi inganci fiye da sarrafa CNC.
(3) Rage farashin samarwa da ƙarfin haɗin kai, da rage yawan amfani da abubuwan da aka haɗa.
Karfe da kayan guduro masu aiki:
(1) Aluminum, magnesium, jan karfe, bakin karfe, titanium, baƙin ƙarfe, galvanized takardar, tagulla.
(2) Daidaitawar al'ada na aluminum yana da ƙarfi, ciki har da jerin 1000 zuwa 7000.
(3) Resins sun haɗa da PPS, PBT, PA6, PA66, da PPA.
(4) PPS yana da ƙarfin mannewa musamman (3000N/c㎡).
Aikace-aikace:
Akwatin wayar hannu, akwati na kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka, da sauransu.
Blow Molding
Yin gyare-gyaren busa shine a danne ɗanyen kayan da aka narkar da thermoplastic da aka fitar daga mai fitar da shi zuwa cikin gyaggyarawa, sa'an nan kuma a hura iska cikin ɗanyen kayan.Narkar da albarkatun kasa yana faɗaɗa ƙarƙashin aikin matsa lamba na iska kuma yana manne da bangon ƙashin ƙura.A ƙarshe, hanyar sanyaya da ƙarfafawa cikin siffar samfurin da ake so.Busa gyare-gyaren ya kasu kashi biyu: gyare-gyaren fim da gyare-gyare mara kyau.
1) Busa Fim
Busa fim shine fitar da narkakkar robobi zuwa cikin bututun siliki na siliki daga tazarar mutuwar shugaban mai fitar da kai.A lokaci guda, busa iska mai matsa lamba a cikin rami na ciki na bututun bakin ciki daga tsakiyar rami na kan injin.Ana hura bututun bakin ciki a cikin fim ɗin tubular tare da diamita mafi girma (wanda aka fi sani da bututun kumfa), kuma ana murɗa shi bayan sanyaya.
2) Gyaran Ƙaƙƙarfan Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙaƙwalwa
Ƙwaƙwalwar busa fasaha ce ta gyare-gyare ta biyu wacce ke haifar da ruɓar ruɓaɓɓen kamar robar da aka rufe a cikin kogon ƙura zuwa wani ƙulli ta hanyar iskar gas.Kuma hanya ce ta samar da samfuran robobi marasa tushe.Ƙwararren busawa ya bambanta bisa ga tsarin masana'anta na parison, gami da gyare-gyaren busawa, gyare-gyaren bugun allura, da gyare-gyaren busa.
1))Extrusion busa gyare-gyare:Yana da fitar da wani tubular parison tare da extruder, manne shi a cikin mold rami da kuma rufe kasa yayin da yake zafi.Sa'an nan kuma ku ba da iska mai matsewa cikin rami na ciki na bututun babu komai a busa shi ya zama siffa.
2))Gyaran busa allura:Ana samun parison da ake amfani da shi ta hanyar yin gyare-gyaren allura.The parison ya kasance a kan ainihin mold.Bayan an rufe nau'in tare da nau'in bugun jini, iska mai matsa lamba yana wucewa ta cikin ainihin ƙirar.An kumbura parison, sanyaya, kuma ana samun samfurin bayan lalata.
Amfani:
Kaurin bangon samfurin yana da daidaituwa, juriya na nauyi kaɗan ne, aikin bayan aiki ya ragu, kuma kusurwoyin sharar gida kaɗan ne.
Ya dace da samar da ƙananan samfurori masu tsabta tare da manyan batches.
3))Gyaran bugun busa:The parison da aka mai zafi zuwa mikewa zafin jiki an sanya a cikin busa mold.Ana samun samfurin ta hanyar miƙewa a tsaye tare da sandar shimfiɗa da kuma shimfiɗa a kwance tare da matsananciyar iska.
Aikace-aikace:
(1) Ana amfani da gyare-gyaren fim ɗin don yin gyare-gyaren filastik.
(2) Ana amfani da gyare-gyare mai zurfi don yin samfuran filastik mara kyau (kwalabe, ganga na marufi, gwangwani na ruwa, tankunan mai, gwangwani, kayan wasan yara, da sauransu).
Extrusion Molding
Extrusion gyare-gyaren ya fi dacewa da gyare-gyaren thermoplastics kuma ya dace da gyaran wasu thermosetting da kuma ƙarfafa robobi tare da ruwa mai kyau.Tsarin gyare-gyaren shine a yi amfani da dunƙule mai jujjuya don fitar da albarkatun mai zafi da narkakken thermoplastic daga kai tare da sifar ɓangaren da ake buƙata.Sa'an nan kuma a yi shi da siffa ta hanyar siffa, sa'an nan kuma a sanyaya shi kuma ya ƙarfafa ta wurin sanyaya don zama samfur tare da ɓangaren giciye da ake bukata.
Fasalolin tsari:
(1) Ƙananan farashin kayan aiki.
(2) Aikin yana da sauƙi, tsarin yana da sauƙin sarrafawa, kuma yana dacewa don gane ci gaba da samar da atomatik.
(3) Babban haɓakar samarwa.
(4) Ingancin samfurin shine uniform kuma mai yawa.
(5) Za'a iya ƙirƙirar samfura ko samfuran da aka kammala tare da sifofi daban-daban na giciye ta canza mutun na injin.
Aikace-aikace:
A fagen ƙirar samfura, gyare-gyaren extrusion yana da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi.Nau'o'in kayayyakin da aka fitar sun hada da bututu, fina-finai, sanduna, monofilaments, kaset ɗin lebur, raga, kwantena mara kyau, tagogi, firam ɗin ƙofa, faranti, ƙulla igiya, monofilaments, da sauran kayan masarufi na musamman.
Kalanda (zane, fim)
Calendering wata hanya ce da kayan albarkatun filastik ke wucewa ta cikin jerin dumama masu zafi don haɗa su cikin fina-finai ko zanen gado a ƙarƙashin aikin extrusion da mikewa.
Fasalolin tsari:
Amfani:
(1) Kyakkyawan samfurin inganci, babban ƙarfin samarwa, da ci gaba da samarwa ta atomatik.
(2) Rashin hasara: manyan kayan aiki, manyan buƙatun madaidaicin, kayan taimako da yawa, da faɗin samfurin yana iyakance ta tsawon abin nadi na calender.
Aikace-aikace:
Ana amfani dashi mafi yawa wajen samar da fim mai laushi na PVC, zanen gado, fata na wucin gadi, fuskar bangon waya, fata na bene, da dai sauransu.
Matsi Molding
Ana amfani da gyare-gyaren matsi musamman don gyare-gyaren robobi na thermosetting.Dangane da kaddarorin kayan gyare-gyare da halaye na kayan aiki da fasaha, ana iya raba gyare-gyaren matsawa zuwa nau'ikan biyu: gyare-gyaren matsawa da gyare-gyaren lamination.
1) Matsi Molding
Matsi gyare-gyare ita ce babbar hanya don gyare-gyaren robobi na thermosetting da kuma ƙarfafa robobi.Tsarin shine a matsa lamba a cikin wani nau'in da aka yi zafi zuwa ƙayyadadden zafin jiki domin albarkatun ya narke kuma ya gudana kuma ya cika kogon gyare-gyare daidai.Bayan wani lokaci a ƙarƙashin yanayin zafi da matsa lamba, ana samar da albarkatun ƙasa a cikin samfurori.Injin gyare-gyaren matsawayana amfani da wannan tsari.
Fasalolin tsari:
Abubuwan da aka ƙera suna da yawa a cikin rubutu, daidaitattun girman, santsi da santsi a cikin bayyanar, ba tare da alamun ƙofa ba, kuma suna da kwanciyar hankali.
Aikace-aikace:
Daga cikin samfuran masana'antu, samfuran da aka ƙera sun haɗa da kayan wutan lantarki (fulogi da kwasfa), ƙwanƙolin tukunya, kayan tebur, kwalabe, bayan gida, farantin abincin da ba za a iya karyewa ba (abincin melamine), kofofin filastik da aka sassaƙa, da sauransu.
2) Lamination Molding
Lamination gyare-gyare hanya ce ta haɗa nau'i biyu ko fiye na kayan iri ɗaya ko daban-daban a cikin duka tare da takarda ko kayan fibrous a matsayin masu cikawa a ƙarƙashin yanayin dumama da matsa lamba.
Fasalolin tsari:
Tsarin gyare-gyaren lamination ya ƙunshi matakai uku: impregnation, latsawa, da kuma bayan aiwatarwa.Ana amfani da shi mafi yawa wajen samar da kayan aikin filastik da aka ƙarfafa, bututu, sanduna, da samfuran samfuri.Rubutun yana da yawa kuma saman yana da santsi da tsabta.
Matsi Injection Molding
Matsi allura gyare-gyare hanya ce ta thermosetting filastik gyare-gyaren da aka ƙera bisa tushen gyare-gyaren matsawa, wanda kuma aka sani da canja wurin gyare-gyare.Tsarin yana kama da tsarin gyaran allura.A lokacin gyare-gyaren allura na matsawa, ana sanya filastik filastik a cikin rami na ciyarwa sannan kuma ya shiga cikin rami ta tsarin gating.Ana yin gyare-gyaren allura da filastik a cikin ganga na injin gyare-gyaren allura.
Bambanci tsakanin gyare-gyaren gyare-gyare na matsawa da gyare-gyaren matsawa: tsarin gyare-gyaren matsawa shine don ciyar da kayan da farko sannan kuma a rufe samfurin, yayin da gyare-gyaren allura gabaɗaya yana buƙatar rufe mold kafin ciyarwa.
Fasalolin tsari:
Abũbuwan amfãni: (idan aka kwatanta da matsawa gyare-gyare)
(1) An yi amfani da filastik kafin a shiga cikin rami, kuma yana iya samar da sassa na filastik tare da sifofi masu rikitarwa, bango na bakin ciki ko manyan canje-canje a cikin kauri na bango, da kuma sanyawa mai kyau.
(2) Rage sake zagayowar gyare-gyare, inganta ingantaccen samarwa, da haɓaka ƙima da ƙarfin sassa na filastik.
(3) Tun da an rufe mold ɗin gaba ɗaya kafin gyare-gyaren filastik, walƙiya na farfajiyar rabuwa yana da bakin ciki sosai, don haka daidaitaccen ɓangaren filastik yana da sauƙin garanti, kuma ƙarancin saman shima ƙasa ne.
Nasara:
(1) Koyaushe za a sami wani ɓangare na sauran kayan da suka rage a ɗakin ciyarwa, kuma cin albarkatun ƙasa yana da girma.
(2) Yanke alamar ƙofa yana ƙara yawan aiki.
(3) matsin lamba na ƙwararru ya fi wanda na matsawa da matsakaiciya, da kuma adadin shrinkage ya fi wanda na matsakaiciyar matsawa.
(4) Tsarin tsari kuma ya fi rikitarwa fiye da na matsi.
(5) Yanayin tsari ya fi ƙarfin gyare-gyaren matsawa, kuma aikin yana da wuyar gaske.
Juyawa Molding
Juyawa gyare-gyare yana ƙara ɗanyen robobi a cikin ƙura, sa'an nan kuma ana ci gaba da jujjuya ƙirar tare da gatura biyu na tsaye da mai zafi.A karkashin aikin nauyi da makamashi na thermal, kayan albarkatun filastik a cikin mold yana sannu a hankali kuma an shafe shi daidai da narke, kuma yana manne da duk faɗin kogin mold.An tsara shi a cikin siffar da ake buƙata, sa'an nan kuma sanyaya da siffa, lalata, kuma a ƙarshe, an samo samfurin.
Amfani:
(1) Samar da ƙarin sararin ƙira kuma rage farashin taro.
(2) Sauƙaƙe gyare-gyare da ƙananan farashi.
(3) Ajiye albarkatun kasa.
Aikace-aikace:
Ruwan ruwa, ƙwallon iyo, ƙaramin wurin ninkaya, kushin kujerar keke, jirgin ruwa, casing na inji, murfin kariya, fitilar fitila, feshin aikin gona, kayan daki, kwalekwale, rufin abin hawa, da sauransu.
Takwas, Filastik Drop Molding
Drop gyare-gyaren shine amfani da kayan aikin polymer na thermoplastic tare da halayen yanayi masu canzawa, wato, kwararar danko a ƙarƙashin wasu yanayi, da halayen komawa zuwa yanayi mai ƙarfi a yanayin zafi.Kuma amfani da hanyar da ta dace da kayan aiki na musamman don inkjet.A cikin yanayin kwararar ɗanƙoƙi, an ƙera shi zuwa siffa da aka ƙera kamar yadda ake buƙata sannan kuma a ƙarfafa shi a cikin zafin jiki.Tsarin fasaha ya ƙunshi matakai guda uku: auna manne-faɗin filastik- sanyaya da ƙarfafawa.
Amfani:
(1) Samfurin yana da kyau bayyananne da sheki.
(2) Yana da sifofi na zahiri kamar su anti-friction, waterproof, anti-pollution.
(3) Yana da tasiri mai girma uku na musamman.
Aikace-aikace:
Safofin hannu na filastik, balloons, kwaroron roba, da sauransu.
Samuwar Blister
Blister forming, kuma aka sani da vacuum forming, yana ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin thermoplastic thermoforming.Yana nufin manne takarda ko faranti abu a kan firam ɗin injin ƙirƙira injin.Bayan dumama da laushi, za a yi amfani da shi a kan mold ta hanyar motsa jiki ta tashar iska a gefen mold.Bayan ɗan gajeren lokacin sanyi, ana samun samfuran filastik da aka ƙera.
Fasalolin tsari:
Hanyoyin samar da injin sun hada da concave die vacuum forming, convex die vacuum forming, concave and convex die m vacuum forming, kumfa busa injin kafa, plunger tura-down injin kafa, injin kafa tare da gas buffer na'urar, da dai sauransu.
Amfani:
Kayan aiki yana da sauƙi mai sauƙi, ƙirar ba ta buƙatar jure wa matsa lamba kuma ana iya yin ta da ƙarfe, itace, ko gypsum, tare da sauri da sauri da aiki mai sauƙi.
Aikace-aikace:
An yi amfani da shi sosai a cikin marufi na ciki da waje na abinci, kayan kwalliya, kayan lantarki, kayan masarufi, kayan wasan yara, sana'a, magunguna, samfuran kiwon lafiya, kayan yau da kullun, kayan rubutu, da sauran masana'antu;kofuna masu zubarwa, kofuna masu siffa daban-daban, da dai sauransu, tiren reeding, tiren seedling, akwatunan abinci masu saurin lalacewa.
Slush Molding
Slush gyare-gyare yana zuba robobi (plastisol) a cikin wani mold (concave ko mace mold) wanda aka riga aka rigaya zuwa wani zafin jiki.Filastik ɗin manna kusa da bangon ciki na ramin ƙira zai yi laushi saboda zafi, sa'an nan kuma zubar da robobin manna wanda bai yi gelled ba.Hanyar maganin zafi (baking da narkewa) filastik manna da aka haɗe zuwa bangon ciki na kogon mold, sa'an nan kuma sanyaya shi don samun samfurin m daga mold.
Fasalolin tsari:
(1) Ƙananan farashin kayan aiki, da kuma saurin samarwa.
(2) Tsarin sarrafawa yana da sauƙi, amma daidaito na kauri, kuma ingancin (nauyin) na samfurin ba shi da kyau.
Aikace-aikace:
Ana amfani da shi musamman don manyan dashboards na mota da sauran samfuran da ke buƙatar babban ji na hannu da tasirin gani, slush filastik kayan wasan yara, da sauransu.
Lokacin aikawa: Afrilu-19-2023
