Ƙirƙira sunan gamayya don ƙirƙira da tambari.Hanyar sarrafawa ce da ke amfani da guduma, maƙarƙashiya, da naushi na injin ƙirƙira ko gyaggyarawa don yin matsin lamba akan babu don haifar da nakasar filastik don samun sassan siffa da girman da ake buƙata.
Abin da ke ƙirƙira
A lokacin aikin ƙirƙira, gabaɗayan fakitin yana fuskantar nakasar filastik mai girma da kuma yawan kwararar filastik.A cikin tsarin yin tambari, mafi yawan abin da ke cikin sararin yana samuwa ne ta hanyar canza wuri na kowane yanki, kuma babu wata hanyar filastik a kan babban nisa a cikinsa.An fi amfani da ƙirƙira don sarrafa sassan ƙarfe.Hakanan ana iya amfani da shi don sarrafa wasu abubuwan da ba ƙarfe ba, kamar robobin injiniya, roba, yumbura, bulo, da samar da kayan haɗin gwiwa.
Juyawa, zane, da sauransu a cikin masana'antar ƙirƙira da masana'antar ƙarfe duk filastik ne ko sarrafa matsi.Duk da haka, an fi amfani da ƙirƙira don samar da sassa na ƙarfe, yayin da ake yin birgima da zane da aka fi amfani da su don samar da kayan ƙarfe na gaba ɗaya kamar faranti, tube, bututu, bayanan martaba, da wayoyi.
Rarraba Ƙarfafawa
An rarraba ƙirƙira galibi bisa ga hanyar ƙirƙira da zafin naƙasa.Bisa ga hanyar da aka kafa, ƙirƙira za a iya raba kashi biyu: ƙirƙira da tambari.Dangane da yanayin zafin nakasar, ana iya raba ƙirƙira zuwa ƙirƙira mai zafi, ƙirƙirar sanyi, ƙirƙira mai dumi, da ƙirjin isothermal, da sauransu.
1. Zafafan ƙirƙira
Zafafan ƙirƙira ana yin ƙirƙira sama da yanayin sake ƙirƙira na ƙarfe.Ƙara yawan zafin jiki na iya inganta filastik na karfe, wanda ke da amfani don inganta ingantaccen ingancin aikin aiki da kuma sa shi ƙasa da raguwa.Babban yanayin zafi kuma na iya rage juriyar gurɓacewar ƙarfe da rage yawan adadin da ake buƙatainjinan ƙirƙira.Duk da haka, akwai da yawa zafi ƙirƙira matakai, da workpiece daidaici ne matalauta, da kuma surface ba santsi.Kuma ƙirƙira suna da haɗari ga oxidation, decarburization, da lalacewa mai ƙonewa.Lokacin da workpiece ne babba da kuma lokacin farin ciki, da abu yana da babban ƙarfi da low plasticity (kamar yi lankwasawa na karin lokacin farin ciki faranti, zane na high carbon karfe sanduna, da dai sauransu), da kuma zafi ƙirƙira ake amfani.
Kullum amfani zafi ƙirƙira yanayin zafi ne: carbon karfe 800 ~ 1250 ℃;gami tsarin karfe 850 ~ 1150 ℃;babban gudun karfe 900 ~ 1100 ℃;fiye amfani da aluminum gami 380 ~ 500 ℃;alloy 850 ~ 1000 ℃;tagulla 700 ~ 900 ℃.
2. Sanyi ƙirƙira
Ana yin ƙirƙira ƙirƙira a ƙasa da yanayin zafin ƙarfe na sake ƙirƙira.Gabaɗaya magana, ƙirƙira sanyi tana nufin ƙirƙira a zafin jiki.
Kayan aikin da aka kirkira ta hanyar ƙirƙira sanyi a ɗaki suna da babban siffa da daidaiton girma, filaye masu santsi, ƴan matakan sarrafawa, kuma sun dace da samarwa ta atomatik.Yawancin jabun sanyi da sassa masu hatimin sanyi ana iya amfani da su kai tsaye azaman sassa ko samfuri ba tare da buƙatar injina ba.Duk da haka, a lokacin ƙirƙira sanyi, saboda ƙarancin filastik na ƙarfe, fashewa yana da sauƙin faruwa yayin nakasawa kuma juriya na nakasawa yana da girma, yana buƙatar manyan injunan ƙirƙira.
3. Dumin ƙirƙira
Yin ƙirƙira a yanayin zafi sama da yanayin al'ada amma bai wuce yanayin recrystallization ana kiransa daɗaɗɗen ƙirƙira.Ƙarfe ɗin yana da zafi sosai, kuma zafin zafin jiki ya fi ƙasa da na ƙirƙira mai zafi.Ƙirƙirar ɗumi yana da daidaito mafi girma, daɗaɗɗen ƙasa, da ƙarancin juriya na nakasawa.
4. Isothermal ƙirƙira
Ƙirƙirar ƙirƙira ta Isothermal tana riƙe da ƙarancin zafin jiki a duk lokacin da ake yin tsari.Isothermal ƙirƙira shi ne don yin cikakken amfani da babban filastik na wasu karafa a zazzabi ɗaya ko don samun takamaiman tsari da kaddarorin.Isothermal ƙirƙira yana buƙatar kiyaye mold da abubuwa mara kyau a yanayin zafi akai-akai, wanda ke buƙatar tsada mai tsada kuma ana amfani dashi kawai don hanyoyin ƙirƙira na musamman, kamar ƙirar superplastic.
Halayen Ƙarfafawa
Ƙirƙira na iya canza tsarin ƙarfe da inganta kayan ƙarfe.Bayan ingot ya yi zafi ƙirƙira, asali sako-sako da, pores, micro-cracks, da dai sauransu a cikin simintin gyare-gyare da aka compacted ko welded.An karye dendrites na asali, yana sa hatsi ya fi kyau.A lokaci guda, an canza asalin asalin carbide da rarraba mara daidaituwa.Yi tsarin bai ɗaya, don samun ƙirƙira waɗanda suke da yawa, iri ɗaya, masu kyau, suna da kyakkyawan aiki gabaɗaya, kuma abin dogaro ne a cikin amfani.Bayan ƙirƙira ta lalace ta hanyar ƙirƙira mai zafi, ƙarfen yana da tsarin fibrous.Bayan sanyi ƙirƙira nakasawa, karfe crystal zama tsari.
Ƙirƙirar ƙirƙira ita ce sanya ƙarfe ya gudana ta hanyar filastik don samar da kayan aiki na siffar da ake so.Ƙarfin ƙarfe ba ya canzawa bayan kwararar filastik ya faru saboda ƙarfin waje, kuma ƙarfe koyaushe yana gudana zuwa sashin tare da ƙarancin juriya.A cikin samarwa, ana sarrafa nau'in kayan aikin sau da yawa bisa ga waɗannan dokoki don cimma nakasu irin su thickening, elongation, faɗaɗa, lankwasawa, da zane mai zurfi.
Girman kayan aikin ƙirƙira daidai ne kuma yana dacewa don tsara samar da taro.Girman ƙirƙira a cikin aikace-aikace kamar ƙirƙira, extrusion, da stamping daidai ne kuma barga.Za'a iya amfani da injunan ƙirƙira ingantattun injunan ƙirƙira da layukan samar da ƙirƙira ta atomatik don tsara taro na musamman ko samarwa.
Injin jabun da aka fi amfani da su sun haɗa da guduma,na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa presses, da matsi na inji.Gudun ƙirƙira yana da babban saurin tasiri, wanda ke da amfani ga kwararar filastik na ƙarfe, amma zai haifar da rawar jiki.Latsawa na hydraulic yana amfani da ƙirjin ƙirƙira, wanda ke da fa'ida don ƙirƙira ta ƙarfe da haɓaka tsari.Aikin yana da kwanciyar hankali, amma yawan aiki yana da ƙasa.Latsa injin yana da kafaffen bugun jini kuma yana da sauƙin aiwatar da injina da sarrafa kansa.
Ci gaban Fasahar Ƙarfafawa
1) Don inganta inrinsic ingancin sassa na jabu, yafi inganta su inji Properties (ƙarfi, roba, tauri, gajiya ƙarfi) da kuma AMINCI.
Wannan yana buƙatar mafi kyawun aikace-aikacen ka'idar nakasar filastik na karafa.Aiwatar da kayan da ingantacciyar ingantacciyar inganci, kamar ƙarfe da aka yi wa vacuum da ƙarfe mai narkewa.Gudanar da dumama da jujjuya maganin zafi daidai.Ƙarin tsauri da ɗimbin gwaji marasa lalacewa na jabun sassa.
2) Ci gaba da haɓaka ƙirƙira ƙirƙira da ingantaccen fasahar hatimi.Rashin yankewa shine mafi mahimmancin ma'auni da alkibla ga masana'antar injuna don haɓaka amfani da kayan aiki, haɓaka yawan aiki, da rage yawan kuzari.Haɓaka dumama mara oxidative na ƙirƙira blanks, kazalika da tauri mai ƙarfi, juriya, kayan ƙirƙira tsawon rai da hanyoyin jiyya na ƙasa, za su kasance masu fa'ida ga faɗaɗa aikace-aikacen madaidaicin ƙirƙira da madaidaicin hatimi.
3) Haɓaka kayan aikin ƙirƙira da layukan ƙirƙira tare da mafi girman yawan aiki da aiki da kai.Karkashin samarwa na musamman, ana inganta yawan aiki sosai kuma ana rage farashin ƙirƙira.
4) Haɓaka tsarin ƙirƙira masu sassauƙa (amfani da fasahar rukuni, saurin mutuƙar mutuwa, da sauransu).Wannan yana ba da dama iri-iri, ƙananan-catchredmen samarwa don amfani da babban-atomatik da kayan aiki da kayan aiki da kaya ko kuma layin samarwa.Sanya yawan aiki da tattalin arzikinta kusa da matakin samar da yawa.
5) Ƙirƙirar sababbin kayan, irin su hanyoyin sarrafa kayan ƙarfe na foda (musamman foda na karfe biyu), ƙarfe na ruwa, robobi mai ƙarfafa fiber, da sauran kayan haɗin gwiwa.Haɓaka fasaha irin su superplastic forming, high-power forming, da ciki high-matsi forming.
Lokacin aikawa: Fabrairu-04-2024
