1. Guhimbira ubusa
Guhimbira ubuntu bivuga uburyo bwo gutunganya ibikoresho byoroheje-bigamije ibikoresho cyangwa gukoresha imbaraga ziva hanze kubusa hagati yimitsi yo hejuru no hepfo yibikoresho byo guhimba kugirango ihindure ubusa kugirango ibone kwibagirwa hamwe na geometrike isabwa hamwe nubwiza bwimbere.
Guhimba kubuntu ahanini bitanga kwibagirwa mubice bito.Ibikoresho byo guhimba nko guhimba inyundo hamwe na hydraulic imashini zikoreshwa mugukora ubusa kugirango ubone imbabazi zujuje ibyangombwa.Kwibeshya kubuntu bifata uburyo bushyushye.
Inzira yo guhimba kubuntu ikubiyemo inzira y'ibanze, inzira yo gufasha, n'inzira yo kurangiza.
Inzira yibanze yo guhimba kubuntu irababaje, gushushanya, gukubita, gukubita, gukata, kugoreka, guhinduranya no guhimba, nibindi. Ariko inzira eshatu zikoreshwa cyane mubikorwa nyirizina birababaje, gushushanya, no gukubita.
Inzira y'abafasha: inzira ibanziriza guhindura ibintu, nko gukanda urwasaya, gukanda ku nkombe y'ibyuma, guca urutugu, n'ibindi.
Kurangiza inzira: inzira yo kugabanya ubusembwa bwubuso bwibagirwa, nko gukuraho ubusumbane no gushiraho ubuso bwibihimbano.
Ibyiza:
(1) Guhindura ibintu byoroshye ni byiza, birashobora gutanga uduce duto tutarenze 100kg.Kandi irashobora kandi gutanga ibice biremereye bigera kuri 300t.
(2) Ibikoresho byakoreshejwe nibikoresho byoroshye-rusange.
(3) Gushiraho kwibagirwa ni uguhindura buhoro buhoro ubusa mu turere dutandukanye.Kubwibyo, tonnage yibikoresho byo guhimba bisabwa kugirango uhimbe kimwe ni nto cyane ugereranije no gupfa.
(4) Ibisabwa bike kubikoresho.
(5) Inzira yumusaruro ni mugufi.
Ibibi:
(1) Umusaruro ukorwa uri hasi cyane ugereranije no gupfa.
(2) Kubabarirwa bifite imiterere yoroshye, uburinganire buke, hamwe nubuso butagaragara.
(3) Abakozi bafite imbaraga nyinshi z'umurimo kandi bakeneye urwego rwa tekinike.
(4) Ntibyoroshye kumenya imashini no kwikora.
2. Gupfa guhimba
Gupfa gupfa bivuga uburyo bwo guhimba muburyo bwo kwibagirwa muburyo bwo gukora ibipapuro bipfuye kubikoresho bidasanzwe bipfa.Kwibagirwa byakozwe nubu buryo birasobanutse neza mubunini, bito mumafaranga yo gutunganya, bigoye mumiterere, kandi murwego rwo hejuru.
Gutondekanya ukurikije ibikoresho byakoreshejwe: gupfa guhimba inyundo, gupfa guhimba ku mashini ya crank, gupfa guhimba kuri mashini yo guhimba, gupfa guhimba imashini icapa, nibindi.
Ibyiza:
(1) Umusaruro mwinshi.Mugihe cyo gupfa, guhindagura ibyuma bikorwa mu cyuho cyo gupfa, bityo ishusho yifuza irashobora kuboneka vuba.
(2) Kubabarirwa bifite imiterere igoye birashobora guhimbwa.
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(5) Bika ibikoresho byicyuma kandi ugabanye kugabanya akazi.
(6) Ukurikije ibyiciro bihagije, igiciro cyibice kirashobora kugabanuka.
Ibibi:
(1) Uburemere bwo kwibagirwa gupfa bugarukira kubushobozi bwibikoresho rusange bipfa gupfa, ahanini biri munsi ya 7 kg.
(2) Inzira yo gukora impimbano ipfa ni ndende kandi igiciro ni kinini.
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3. Kuzunguruka
Impimbano ya Roll bivuga inzira yo guhimba aho impuzu zifatanije zifata imashini zifata imashini zikoreshwa muguhindura fagitire kugirango ubone fagitire wifuza.
Kuzunguruka guhindagurika ni ibintu bigoye-bitatu.Ibyinshi mubintu byahinduwe bitemba bigana icyerekezo cyerekezo cyo kongera uburebure bwa bilet, kandi igice gito cyibikoresho bitemba nyuma kugirango byongere ubugari bwa bilet.Mugihe cyo guhimba ibizunguruka, agace kambukiranya igice cyumuzi wa bilet kigabanuka ubudahwema.Inzira yo guhimba ikoresha ihame ryo kuzunguruka kugirango ihindure buhoro buhoro.
Guhimba kuzunguruka birakwiriye muburyo bwo guhindura ibintu nko kurambura ibiti, ibisate bizunguruka, no gukwirakwiza ibikoresho bijyanye n'uburebure.Guhimba uruzingo birashobora gukoreshwa mugukora inkoni zihuza, bitsindagira imyanda, imirongo, imihanda, amasuka, amatora hamwe na turbine, nibindi.
Ugereranije no gupfa bisanzwe, guhimba umuzingo bifite ibyiza byuburyo bwibikoresho byoroheje, umusaruro uhamye, kunyeganyega gake n urusaku, kwikora byoroshye, no gukora neza.
4. Amapine apfa kwibeshya
Amapine apfa guhimba nuburyo bwo guhimba bukoresha uburyo bwo guhimba bwubusa kugirango bukore ubusa, hanyuma bukabubumbabumba.Nuburyo bwo guhimba hagati yo guhimba kubuntu no gupfa guhimba.Ikoreshwa cyane mubigo bito n'ibiciriritse bifite ibikoresho bike byo gupfa kandi ibyinshi muribi byubusa.
Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwamapine akoreshwa muguhimba amapine, kandi nibisanzwe bikoreshwa mubikorwa ni ubwoko bwigitonyanga, ifumbire yimyenda, ishusho yububiko, ifumbire yimyenda, ifata ifumbire, nibindi.
Silinderi ifunze ipfa gukoreshwa cyane muguhimba kwibagirwa.Kurugero, ibikoresho hamwe na ba shebuja kumpande zombi rimwe na rimwe bikoreshwa muguhimba kwibagirwa kutazunguruka.Gufunga silinderi ipfa guhimba ni flash-free forging.
Kubibumbano byipine hamwe nuburyo bugoye, birakenewe kongeramo ibice bibiri byigice (nukuvuga, ongeraho ubuso bwo gutandukana) mububiko bwa silinderi kugirango ubumbe hamwe.Kandi ubusa bushingiye mu cyuho kigizwe n'ibice bibiri.
Filime igizwe nibisanzwe igizwe nibice bibiri, hejuru no hepfo.Kugirango uhuze hejuru no hepfo bipfa kandi wirinde kwibagirwa guhinduka, kuyobora inyandiko hamwe nuyobora pin akenshi bikoreshwa muburyo bwo guhagarara.Gupfa gupfa bikoreshwa cyane cyane mukubyara ibintu bitazunguruka bifite ishusho igoye, nko guhuza inkoni, kwibagirwa, nibindi.
Ugereranije no guhimba kubusa, ipine ipfa guhimba ifite ibyiza bikurikira:
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(2) Ikwirakwizwa ryimyanya yumubiri irumvikana, ireme rero ni ryinshi.
(3) Amapine apfa kwibeshya arashobora guhimba kwibagirwa hamwe nuburyo bugoye.Kubera ko imiterere yo guhimba igenzurwa nu mwobo wapfuye, ubusa bukorwa vuba.Kandi umusaruro wikubye inshuro 1 kugeza kuri 5 kurenza iyo guhimba kubuntu.
(4) Hano harasigaye bike, amafaranga yo gukora ni make.Ibi ntibizigama gusa ibyuma ahubwo binagabanya gutunganya amasaha-man.
Ibibi:
(1) Birakenewe inyundo yo guhimba hamwe na tonnage nini;
(2) Kwibagirwa bito gusa birashobora gukorwa;
(3) Ubuzima bwa serivisi bwububiko bwa pine buri hasi;
(4) Mubisanzwe birakenewe kwishingikiriza kubakozi kugirango bahindure ipine mugihe cyakazi, bityo imbaraga zumurimo ni nyinshi;
(5) Amapine apfa gukoreshwa kugirango habeho ibyiciro bito na bito byo kwibagirwa.
Zhengxi irazwi cyaneuruganda rukora imashini mubushinwa, gutanga ubwoko butandukanye bwimashini zo guhimba, harimo imashini zo guhimba kubuntu, gupfa imashini zihimba,imashini zihimba zishyushye, imashini zikonjesha, hamwe nimashini zishushe zishyushye, nibindi niba hari ibyo ukeneye, twandikire.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Jun-30-2023
