Inzira yo gukandagira mukora imodoka

Imodoka zitwa "imashini zahinduye isi." Kubera ko Inganda z'imodoka zifite isano ikomeye y'inganda, ifatwa nk'ikimenyetso cyingenzi cyurwego rwiterambere ryubukungu bwiterambere. Hariho inzira enye zikomeye mumodoka, hanyuma inzira nyabagendwa ningirakamaro mubikorwa bine bikomeye. Kandi ni na mbere mu nzira enye zikomeye.

Muri iki kiganiro, tuzagaragaza inzira yo gukandagira mukora imodoka.

Imbonerahamwe Ibirimo:

1. Kashe?
2. Gupfa
3. Ibikoresho bya Stampping
4. Ibikoresho bya kashe
5. Igipimo

1. Kashe ni iki?

1) ibisobanuro byo gukanda

Kashe nuburyo bwo gutunganya uburyo bwo hanze bukurikizwa imbaraga zo hanze kuri plaque, imiyoboro, imiyoboro, hamwe numwiyunge kugirango uhagarike imikorere ya plastike cyangwa kugabanuka kugirango ubone akazi nubunini. Gukangura no guhimba ni ibibi (cyangwa gutunganya igitutu). Ahantu hashyizweho kashe cyane cyane-ishyushye kandi ikonje-zizungurutse impande zose. Mu bicuruzwa by'icyuma ku isi, 60-70% ni amasahani, ibyinshi byashyizweho kashe.

Umubiri, chassis, tank ya lisansi, radiator firs yimodoka, ingoma ya steam ya boiler, igikonoshwa cya kontineri, icyuma cya silicon singine, cyashyizweho kashe. Hariho kandi umubare munini wibice byatsinzwe mubicuruzwa nkibikoresho na metero, ibikoresho byo murugo, amagare, imashini zibiro, nibikoresho bizima.

2) Ibiranga inzira

• Kashe nuburyo bwo gutunganya hamwe no gukora umusaruro mwinshi no gukoresha ibintu bike.
• Inzira yo gukandagira irakwiriye gukora ibice binini nibicuruzwa, biroroshye kumenya imashini no kwikora, kandi bifite umusaruro mwinshi. Muri icyo gihe, umusaruro wa kashe ntushobora kwihatira kugera gusa ku myanda itazi kandi nta musaruro wanduye ariko niyo haba hari ibisigisigi rimwe na rimwe, birashobora kandi gukoreshwa byuzuye.
• Igikorwa cyo gukora biroroshye. Nta rwego rwo hejuru rwubuhanga busabwa nuwabikoze.
• Ibice bya kashe muri rusange ntibikeneye gukoreshwa no kugira ubunyangamugayo bwinshi.
• Ibice bya kashe bifite imyumvire myiza. Inzira yo gukandagira ifite umutekano mwiza, kandi icyiciro kimwe cyibice bya kashe birashobora gukoreshwa muburyo bumwe utagira ingaruka ku nteko no gukora ibicuruzwa.
• Kuva uduce twatsinzwe nicyuma, ubuziranenge bwabo ni bwiza, butanga ibintu byoroshye kubikorwa byo kuvura hejuru (nko gushushanya).
• Gutunganya kashe birashobora kubona ibice bifite imbaraga nyinshi, gukomera, no kwiringira.
• Igiciro cyo gukanda kashe rusange gifite ubumuga ni gito.
• Kashe zirashobora kubyara ibice bifite imiterere igoye bigoye gutunganya nubundi buryo bwo gutunganya icyuma.

3) Inzira yo gukanda

(1) Gutandukana:

Urupapuro rwatandukanijwe kumurongo runaka wa kontour munsi yimbaraga zo hanze kugirango ubone ibicuruzwa byarangiye hamwe nibicuruzwa byarangiye hamwe nuburyo runaka, ingano, no gukata ubuziranenge.
Imiterere yo Gutandukanya: Guhangayikishwa mu bikoresho byahinduwe birenze imbaraga σb.

a. Gupfuka: koresha upfe kugirango ugabanye umurongo ufunze, kandi igice cyakubiswe ni igice. Ikoreshwa mu gukora ibice bitandukanye.
b. Gukubita: Koresha Gupfa kugirango ushishikarize umurongo ufunze, kandi igice gikubiswe ni ubusa. Hariho uburyo butandukanye nko gukubita ibintu byiza, kuruhande, no kumanika gukubita.
c. Gutembera: Gutema cyangwa guca impande zashyizweho muburyo runaka.
d. Gutandukana: Koresha Gupfa kugirango ushishikarize umurongo utanduye kugirango utange gutandukana. Iyo ibice byibumoso nibikwiye bishyirwaho hamwe, inzira yo gutandukana ikoreshwa cyane.

(2) gukora inzira:

Ubusa ni ubumuga bwo guhindurwa neza utavunitse kugirango ubone ibicuruzwa birangiye kandi byarangiye byuburyo bumwe nubunini.
Imiterere: Imbaraga zitanga σs

a. Gushushanya: Gukora urupapuro rwuzuye mubice bitandukanye byo gufungura.
b. Flange: Urupapuro cyangwa igice cyarangiye gikorwa muburyo buhagaritse kumurongo runaka ukurikije kugabanuka runaka.
c. Gutegura: Uburyo bwo gushiraho bukoreshwa mukuzamura urwego rwibice byakozwe cyangwa babona indangagaciro ntoya.
d. Guhuza: Uruhande ruhagaze rukorerwa kurupapuro rwabanjirije rwakubiswe cyangwa ibicuruzwa byarangiye cyangwa kurupapuro rutagereranywa.
e. Kunama: kunama urupapuro muburyo butandukanye kumurongo ugororotse urashobora gutunganya ibice bifite imiterere igoye cyane.

2. Gupfa

1) gupfa

Dukurikije ihame ry'akazi, rishobora kugabanywamo: gushushanya, gutema gukubita bipfa, no guhindagurika.

2) Imiterere yibanze yubutaka

Gukubita gupfa mubisanzwe bigizwe no gupfira hejuru no hepfo (convex na concave bapfa).

3) Ibihimbano:

Gukora
Kuyobora
Umwanya
Kugabanya
Elastike
Guterura no guhinduka

3. Ibikoresho bya Stampping

1) Imashini itangazamakuru

Dukurikije imiterere yuburiri, kanda igabanywamo muburyo bubiri: fungura imashini hamwe nimashini zifunze.

Itangazamakuru rifunguye rirakinguye kumpande eshatu, uburiri niC-imeze, kandi gukomera ni umukene. Muri rusange ikoreshwa kubice bito. Imashini ifunze irakinguye imbere n'inyuma, uburiri bwarafunzwe, kandi ikarishye ni nziza. Mubisanzwe bikoreshwa mubice binini kandi biciriritse.

Ukurikije ubwoko bwingufu zitwara ibinyabiziga, itangazamakuru rishobora kugabanywamo imashini ya mashini naHydraulic Kanda.

2) umurongo uteye

Gukinisha Imashini

Imashini yo guswera ikoreshwa cyane mugukata impande zigororotse yubunini butandukanye bwimpapuro. Ifishi yohereza ni imashini na hydraulic.

4. Staibikoresho bya Mping

Ibikoresho byerekana ibimenyetso ni ikintu cyingenzi kigira ingaruka kumiterere no gupfa ubuzima. Kugeza ubu, ibikoresho bishobora kashe ntabwo ari ibyuma bike gusa ahubwo binagirana ibyuma, aluminium na aluminium alloy, umuringa n'umuringa alloy, nibindi.

Icyapa cyo kubyuma kirimo ibikoresho byakoreshejwe cyane cyane muri kashe yimodoka. Kugeza ubu, hamwe nibisabwa mumibiri yoroheje yimodoka, ibikoresho bishya nkisahani yimyanya minini hamwe nisahani yicyuma ya sandwich igenda ikoreshwa mumibiri yimodoka.

Icyuma

Ukurikije ubugari: isahani yijimye (hejuru ya 4mm), isahani yo hagati (3-4m), isahani yoroheje (munsi ya 3mm). Ibice byumubiri byimodoka ni ibyapa byoroshye cyane.
Dukurikije leta izunguruka: Isahani ishyushye ibyuma, isahani ikonje.
Kuzunguruka bishyushye ni ukuroshya ibikoresho ku bushyuhe burenze ubushyuhe bwo gusubiza. Hanyuma ukande ibikoresho mumpapuro zitonyanga cyangwa igice cyambukiranya uruziga gifite igitugu, kugirango ibikoresho byangiritse, ariko imitungo yumubiri yibikoresho ntigihinduka. Ubufatanye nubusazi byoroshye ibyapa bishyushye birakennye, kandi igiciro ni gito. Inzira ishyushye irakabije kandi ntishobora kuzunguruka cyane.

Kuzunguruka bikonje nigikorwa cyo kurushaho kuzunguruka ibikoresho hamwe nigituba ku bushyuhe buri munsi yubushyuhe bwo gusubirwamo nyuma yo kuzunguruka, kwihesha, no gutunganya, no gutunganya. Nyuma yo guswera guswera-gusubiramo-gukaraba-gukaraba (gusubiramo inshuro 2 kugeza 3), ibyuma biri mubikoresho byo guhindura molecular (recrystallisations) Kubwibyo, ubwiza bwayo nibyiza, kurangiza ni byinshi, ingano yibicuruzwa ni ndende, kandi imikorere n'imikorere yibicuruzwa birashobora kubahiriza ibisabwa byihariye kugirango bikoreshwe.

Amasahani akonje yicyuma ahanini arimo amasahani ya karubone yicyuma, ikonje-zikonje za karubone, amasahani akonje yicyuma cyo gukandagira, izindi mbaraga zikonje-etc.

5. Gauge

Igipimo nigikoresho cyihariye cyo kugenzura gikoreshwa mugupima no gusuzuma ubuziranenge bwibice.
Mubikorwa byo gukora imodoka, uko byagenda kose ibice binini byatsinzwe, ibice byimbere, gusudira hamwe na geometrie igendanwa, cyangwa ibikoresho byingenzi byo gufatanya bisanzwe, bikoreshwa mu kugenzura ubuziranenge hagati yibikorwa.

Gutahura bifite akamaro ko byihuse, ubushishozi, ubushishozi, byoroshye, nibindi, kandi birakwiriye cyane cyane ibikenewe byo gukora byinshi.

Gage Akenshi igizwe nibice bitatu:

① skeleton nigice cyibanze
Igice cy'umubiri
Ibice bikora (Ibice bikora birimo: Chuck vuba, gutangiza PIN, gutahura pin, icyuho cyimukanwa, gupima imbonerahamwe, plamping plamping, nibindi).

Nibyo byose bihari kumenya ibijyanye na kashe mukora imodoka. Zhengxi ni umunyamwugaUruganda rufite imashini za hydraulic, itanga ibikoresho bya kashe yumwuga, nkagushushanya byimbitse hydraulic kanda. Byongeye, dutangahydraulic kanda kubice byimbere. Niba hari ibyo ukeneye, nyamuneka twandikire.