Guhimba ni iki?Ibyiciro & Ibiranga

Guhimba nizina rusange ryo guhimba no gushiraho kashe.Nuburyo bwo gutunganya bukoresha inyundo, anvil, na punch yimashini ihimba cyangwa ifu kugirango ushire igitutu kubusa kugirango uhindure plastike kugirango ubone ibice byuburyo bukenewe.

Ni ibihimbano

Mugihe cyo guhimba, icyuho cyose kigenda gihinduka cyane muburyo bwa plastike kandi ugereranije na plastike nyinshi.Muburyo bwo gushiraho kashe, ubusa bushingiye cyane cyane muguhindura umwanya wa buri gice cyagace, kandi ntamazi ya plastike arenga intera nini imbere.Guhimba bikoreshwa cyane mugutunganya ibice byicyuma.Irashobora kandi gukoreshwa mugutunganya ibintu bimwe na bimwe bitari ibyuma, nka plastiki yubuhanga, reberi, imyenda yubutaka, amatafari, hamwe no gukora ibikoresho byinshi.

Kuzunguruka, gushushanya, nibindi mu guhimba no gukora inganda zose ni plastiki cyangwa gutunganya igitutu.Nyamara, guhimba bikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gukora ibice byicyuma, mugihe kuzunguruka no gushushanya bikoreshwa cyane cyane mugukora ibikoresho rusange bigenewe ibyuma nka plaque, imirongo, imiyoboro, imyirondoro, ninsinga.

Ibyiciro byo guhimba

Guhimba byashyizwe mubikorwa ukurikije uburyo bwo gukora n'ubushyuhe bwo guhindura ibintu.Ukurikije uburyo bwo gukora, guhimba bishobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bibiri: guhimba no gushiraho kashe.Ukurikije ubushyuhe bwa deformasiyo, guhimba bishobora kugabanywamo ibice bishyushye, gukonjesha gukonje, guhimba ubushyuhe, no guhimba isothermal, nibindi.

1. Guhimba bishyushye

Guhimba bishyushye ni uguhimba bikozwe hejuru yubushyuhe bwa rerystallisation yicyuma.Kongera ubushyuhe birashobora kuzamura plastike yicyuma, kikaba gifite akamaro mukuzamura ubwiza bwimikorere yibikorwa kandi bigatuma bidashoboka gucika.Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru burashobora kandi kugabanya kurwanya ihindagurika ryibyuma no kugabanya tonnage isabwaimashini zo guhimba.Ariko, hariho inzira nyinshi zishyushye zo guhimba, urupapuro rwakazi rurakennye, kandi hejuru ntabwo yoroshye.Kandi kwibagirwa bikunda okiside, decarburisation, no kwangirika.Iyo igihangano ari kinini kandi kibyibushye, ibikoresho bifite imbaraga nyinshi hamwe na plastike nkeya (nko kugonda umuzingo wibisahani byiyongereye, gushushanya inkoni ndende ya karubone, nibindi), kandi hakoreshwa impimbano ishyushye.
Mubisanzwe bikoreshwa ubushyuhe bushyushye ni: ibyuma bya karubone 800 ~ 1250 ℃;ibyuma byubaka ibyuma 850 ~ 1150 ℃;ibyuma byihuta 900 ~ 1100 ℃;ibisanzwe bikoreshwa muri aluminiyumu 380 ~ 500 ℃;amavuta 850 ~ 1000 ℃;umuringa 700 ~ 900 ℃.

2. Gukonjesha

Ubukonje bukonje ni uguhimba bikozwe munsi yicyuma cyo kongera ubushyuhe.Muri rusange, guhimba bikonje bivuga guhimba ubushyuhe bwicyumba.

Ibikorwa byakozwe nubushyuhe bukonje mubushyuhe bwicyumba bifite imiterere ihanitse kandi yuzuye, igaragara neza, intambwe nke zo gutunganya, kandi byoroshye kubyara umusaruro.Ibice byinshi bikonje bikonje kandi bikonje birashobora gukoreshwa nkibice cyangwa ibicuruzwa bidakenewe gutunganywa.Nyamara, mugihe cyo gukonjesha gukonje, kubera plastike nkeya yicyuma, guturika biroroshye kugaragara mugihe cyo guhindura ibintu kandi kurwanya ihindagurika ni binini, bisaba imashini nini ya toni nini.

3. Guhimba neza

Guhimba ku bushyuhe burenze ubushyuhe busanzwe ariko ntiburenze ubushyuhe bwa recrystallisation byitwa hot forging.Icyuma kirashyuha, kandi ubushyuhe bwo gushyuha buri hasi cyane ugereranije nubushyuhe.Guhimbira ubushyuhe bifite ubusobanuro buhanitse, ubuso bworoshye, hamwe no kurwanya ihinduka rito.

4. Guhimba Isothermal

Gukoresha isothermal bituma ubushyuhe bwubusa buhoraho mugihe cyose cyo gukora.Gukoresha Isothermal ni ugukoresha byimazeyo plastike ndende yibyuma bimwe mubushyuhe bumwe cyangwa kugirango ubone imiterere nibintu byihariye.Gukoresha Isothermal bisaba kugumya kubumba nibintu bibi mubushyuhe burigihe, bisaba amafaranga menshi kandi bikoreshwa gusa muburyo bwihariye bwo guhimba, nko gukora superplastic.

Ibiranga guhimba

Guhimba birashobora guhindura imiterere yicyuma no kunoza imiterere yicyuma.Nyuma yuko ingot ishyushye, impimbano yumwimerere, imyenge, micro-crack, nibindi muri reta yabakinnyi irahuzagurika cyangwa irasudwa.Dendrite yumwimerere yaracitse, bigatuma ingano nziza.Mugihe kimwe, gutandukanya karbide yumwimerere no gukwirakwiza kutaringanijwe birahinduka.Kora imiterere imwe, kugirango ubone kwibagirwa byuzuye, bihuje, byiza, bifite imikorere myiza muri rusange, kandi byizewe mugukoresha.Nyuma yo guhimba ihinduwe no guhimba bishyushye, icyuma gifite imiterere ya fibrous.Nyuma yo gukonjesha gukonje, ibyuma bya kirisiti bihinduka kuri gahunda.

Guhimba nugukora icyuma gitemba plastike kugirango ukore igicapo cyimiterere wifuza.Ingano yicyuma ntigihinduka nyuma yimyanda ya plastike ibaye kubera imbaraga ziva hanze, kandi ibyuma bihora bitemba mugice hamwe nuburwanya buke.Mu musaruro, imiterere yakazi ikunze kugenzurwa hakurikijwe aya mategeko kugirango igere ku guhinduka nko kubyimba, kurambura, kwaguka, kunama, no gushushanya byimbitse.

Ingano yimpapuro mpimbano irasobanutse kandi ifasha gutunganya umusaruro mwinshi.Ibipimo byububiko muburyo bukoreshwa nko guhimba, gukuramo, no gushiraho kashe birasobanutse kandi bihamye.Imashini zihimbano zikora neza hamwe numurongo wo gukora byikora birashobora gukoreshwa mugutegura umusaruro wihariye cyangwa rusange.

Imashini zikoreshwa mubihimbano zirimo guhimba inyundo,imashini ya hydraulic, hamwe na mashini.Inyundo yo guhimba ifite umuvuduko munini w'ingaruka, ifitiye akamaro plastike yicyuma, ariko izabyara.Imashini ya hydraulic ikoresha guhimba static, ifitiye akamaro guhimba ibyuma no kunoza imiterere.Akazi karahagaze, ariko umusaruro ni muke.Imashini ya mashini ifite inkoni ihamye kandi iroroshye gushyira mubikorwa imashini.

Iterambere ryiterambere rya tekinoroji

1) Kunoza ubwiza bwimiterere yibice byahimbwe, cyane cyane kunoza imiterere yubukanishi (imbaraga, plastike, gukomera, imbaraga zumunaniro) no kwizerwa.
Ibi birasaba gushyira mubikorwa neza inyigisho ya plastike ihindura ibyuma.Koresha ibikoresho bifite ubuziranenge bwiza, nkibikoresho bivangwa na vacuum hamwe nicyuma gishonga.Kora ubushyuhe mbere yo guhimba no guhimba ubushyuhe neza.Ibigeragezo byinshi kandi binini bidasenya ibice byahimbwe.

2) Gutezimbere kurushaho guhimba neza na tekinoroji yo gushiraho kashe.Kutagabanya gutunganya nigipimo cyingenzi nicyerekezo cyinganda zimashini kunoza imikoreshereze yibikoresho, kuzamura umusaruro wumurimo, no kugabanya gukoresha ingufu.Iterambere ryubushyuhe budasanzwe bwa okiside yubusa, kimwe nubukomere bukabije, kutihanganira kwambara, ibikoresho birebire byigihe kirekire hamwe nuburyo bwo kuvura hejuru, bizafasha mugukwirakwiza kwagutse neza no gushiraho kashe neza.

3) Gutezimbere ibikoresho byo guhimba no guhimba imirongo yumusaruro ufite umusaruro mwinshi no kwikora.Mubikorwa byihariye, umusaruro wumurimo uratera imbere cyane kandi ibiciro byo guhimba bigabanuka.

4) Gutezimbere uburyo bworoshye bwo gushiraho (gukoresha tekinoroji yitsinda, gupfa byihuse, nibindi).Ibi bifasha ibintu byinshi bitandukanye, bito-bito byo guhimba kugirango bikoreshe ibikoresho bihanitse kandi byikora cyane cyangwa ibikoresho byo guhimba.Kora umusaruro nubukungu byegereye urwego rwumusaruro rusange.

5) Gutegura ibikoresho bishya, nko guhimba uburyo bwo gutunganya ibikoresho bya poro ya metallurgie (cyane cyane ifu yicyuma cya kabiri), ibyuma byamazi, plastike ikomezwa na fibre, nibindi bikoresho.Gutezimbere tekinoroji nko gukora superplastic, gukora ingufu nyinshi, no gukora imbere-umuvuduko mwinshi.