Forging izita remubatanidzwa rekugadzira nekutsikisa.Iyo inzira yekugadzira yekugadzira iyo inoshandisa sando, anvil, uye punch yemuchina wekufogisa kana mold kuita kumanikidza pane isina chinhu kuti ikonzeredze deformation yepurasitiki kuwana zvikamu zvechimiro uye saizi inodiwa.
Chii kuumba
Munguva yekugadzira, iyo yese isina chinhu inopinda yakakura deformation yepurasitiki uye yakakura yakawanda yekuyerera kwepurasitiki.Mukuita chidhindo, iyo isina chinhu inonyanya kuumbwa nekushandura nzvimbo yenzvimbo yechikamu chimwe nechimwe, uye hapana kuyerera kwepurasitiki pamusoro pechinhambwe chikuru mukati maro.Kugadzira kunonyanya kushandiswa kugadzira zvikamu zvesimbi.Inogona zvakare kushandiswa kugadzira zvimwe zvisiri-simbi, senge mainjiniya mapurasitiki, rabha, ceramic blanks, zvidhinha, uye kugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvinosanganiswa.
Kukungurutsa, kudhirowa, nezvimwewo mukugadzira uye maindasitiri esimbi ese mapurasitiki kana kumanikidza kugadzirisa.Nekudaro, kuumba kunonyanya kushandiswa kugadzira zvikamu zvesimbi, nepo kukungurutsa nekudhirowa kuchinyanya kushandiswa kugadzira zvinhu-zvinangwa zvesimbi zvakaita semahwendefa, mitsetse, pombi, maprofile, uye waya.
Classification of Forging
Forging inonyanya kuiswa maererano nekugadzira nzira uye deformation tembiricha.Zvinoenderana nemaitiro ekugadzira, kuforoma kunogona kukamurwa muzvikamu zviviri: kuforoma nekutsikisa.Zvinoenderana neiyo deformation tembiricha, forging inogona kukamurwa kuita inopisa yekubikira, kutonhora kuforoma, inodziya yekubikira, uye isothermal forging, nezvimwe.
1. Kupisa kunopisa
Hot forging is forging inoitwa pamusoro pe tembiricha recrystallization yesimbi.Kuwedzera tembiricha kunogona kuvandudza plastiki yesimbi, iyo inobatsira kuvandudza mukati memukati weiyo workpiece uye kuita kuti isanyanya kuputika.Kupisa kwakanyanya kunogonawo kuderedza deformation kuramba kwesimbi uye kuderedza tonnage yezvinodiwakugadzira michina.Nekudaro, kune akawanda anopisa ekugadzira maitiro, iyo workpiece chaiyo haina kunaka, uye pamusoro haina kutsetseka.Uye ma forgings anowanzo kune oxidation, decarburization, uye kupisa kukuvara.Kana iyo workpiece yakakura uye yakakora, zvinhu zvacho zvine simba rakawanda uye yakaderera plastiki (sekupeta kwemamwe mahwendefa akakora, kudhirowa kwepamusoro kabhoni simbi simbi, nezvimwewo), uye kupisa kunopisa kunoshandiswa.
Kazhinji inoshandiswa inopisa kupisa tembiricha ndeiyi: kabhoni simbi 800 ~ 1250 ℃;alloy structural simbi 850 ~ 1150 ℃;high speed simbi 900 ~ 1100 ℃;inowanzoshandiswa aruminiyamu chiwanikwa 380 ~ 500 ℃;alloy 850 ~ 1000 ℃;ndarira 700 ~ 900 ℃.
2. Kufurira kunotonhora
Cold forging is forging inoitwa pasi pesimbi yerecrystallization tembiricha.Kazhinji kutaura kunotonhora kuforoma kunoreva kuforoma patembiricha yemumba.
Zvishandiso zvinogadzirwa nekutonhora kwekubikira pane tembiricha yekamuri zvine chimiro chepamusoro uye kurongeka kwedimensional, nzvimbo dzakatsetseka, mashoma ekugadzirisa matanho, uye yakanakira kugadzira otomatiki.Mazhinji anotonhora akaumbwa uye anotonhora akadhindwa zvikamu zvinogona kushandiswa zvakananga sezvikamu kana zvigadzirwa pasina kudiwa kwekugadzira.Nekudaro, panguva yekutonhora kwekugadzira, nekuda kwekuderera kwepurasitiki yesimbi, kutsemuka kuri nyore kuitika panguva ye deformation uye deformation kuramba yakakura, inoda hombe-tonnage forging michina.
3. Kugadzira kunodziya
Kugadzira pane tembiricha yakakwira kupfuura yakajairika tembiricha asi isingapfuure tembiricha yerecrystallization inonzi inodziya forging.Iyo simbi inopisa, uye kupisa kwekushisa kwakaderera zvikuru kupfuura iyo yekugadzira inopisa.Inodziya yekugadzira ine yakakwira chaiyo, nzvimbo yakatsetseka, uye yakaderera deformation kuramba.
4. Isothermal forging
Isothermal forging inochengeta tembiricha isina chinhu isingachinji panguva yese yekugadzira.Isothermal forging ndeye kushandisa yakazara plastiki yakakwira yemamwe masimbi patembiricha imwechete kana kuwana zvimiro uye zvimiro.Isothermal forging inoda kuchengetedza mold uye iyo yakaipa zvinhu patembiricha yenguva dzose, iyo inoda mari yakakwira uye inongoshandiswa kune yakakosha maitiro ekuumba, senge superplastic kuumba.
Hunhu hweForging
Kugadzira kunogona kushandura chimiro chesimbi uye kugadzirisa simbi zvinhu.Mushure mokunge ingot ichipisa yakaumbwa, iyo yepakutanga looseness, pores, micro-cracks, nezvimwewo mune yakakandwa mamiriro akaumbwa kana welded.Iyo yepakutanga dendrites yakaputsika, zvichiita kuti zviyo zvive zvakanaka.Panguva imwecheteyo, iyo yekutanga carbide segregation uye kugovera kusina kuenzana kunoshandurwa.Gadzira chimiro yunifomu, kuti uwane mafogi ane gobvu, yunifomu, yakanaka, ane kuita kwakanaka kwese, uye akavimbika mukushandisa.Mushure mekunge kuumbwa kwakakanganiswa nekupisa kunopisa, simbi ine fibrous structure.Mushure mekutonhora kwekugadzira deformation, iyo simbi crystal inova yakarongeka.
Kugadzira ndiko kuita kuti simbi ifambe mupurasitiki kuti iite workpiece yechimiro chaunoda.Huwandu hwesimbi hahuchinje mushure mekuyerera kwepurasitiki nekuda kwesimba rekunze, uye simbi inogara ichiyerera ichienda kune chikamu nekushomeka kushoma.Mukugadzira, chimiro cheworkpiece chinowanzodzorwa zvinoenderana nemirairo iyi kuti uwane deformations senge kukora, kurebesa, kuwedzera, kukotama, uye kudhirowa kwakadzika.
Saizi yeyakagadzirwa workpiece ndeyechokwadi uye inokodzera kuronga kugadzirwa kwakawanda.Iwo zviyero zvekugadzira mold mumashandisirwo akadai sefogi, extrusion, uye stamping ndeyechokwadi uye yakagadzikana.Yakakwirira-inoshanda yekuumba muchina uye otomatiki yekugadzira mitsetse yekugadzira inogona kushandiswa kuronga hunyanzvi hukuru kana kugadzirwa kwehuwandu.
Michina yekugadzira inowanzoshandiswa inosanganisira sando dzekugadzira,hydraulic presses, nemichina yokutsikirira.Iyo nyundo yekugadzira ine kukurumidza kukurumidza, iyo inobatsira kuyerera kwepurasitiki yesimbi, asi inoburitsa vibration.Iyo hydraulic press inoshandisa static forging, iyo inobatsira kugadzira kuburikidza nesimbi uye kugadzirisa chimiro.Basa racho rakagadzikana, asi zvibereko zvishoma.Iyo mechanical press ine yakagadziriswa sitiroko uye iri nyore kushandisa mechanization uye otomatiki.
Kuvandudza Maitiro eForging Technology
1) Kuvandudza iyo yemukati yemhando yezvikamu zvakaumbwa, kunyanya kuvandudza yavo michina zvinhu (simba, plastiki, kuoma, kuneta simba) uye kuvimbika.
Izvi zvinoda kushandiswa kuri nani kwedzidziso yepurasitiki deformation yesimbi.Isa zvinhu zvine hunhu huri nani, senge simbi yakagadziriswa vacuum uye vacuum-yakanyungudika simbi.Ita pre-forging heat uye forging heat treatment nemazvo.Kuwedzera kuomarara uye kwakakura kusiri-kuparadza kuyedzwa kwezvikamu zvefoge.
2) Kuwedzera kuvandudza chaiyo yekuumba uye chaiyo stamping tekinoroji.Kusacheka-kucheka ndiyo chiyero chakakosha uye gwara kune indasitiri yemichina yekuvandudza mashandisirwo emidziyo, kuvandudza kugadzirwa kwevashandi, uye kuderedza kushandiswa kwesimba.Kuvandudzwa kwekudziya kwekusina-oxidative yekudziya kwekugadzira ma blanks, pamwe nekuoma-kusimba, kusapfeka-kupfeka, zvinhu zvehupenyu hwehurefu uye nzira dzekurapa pamusoro, zvichabatsira kune yakawedzerwa kushandiswa kwekunyatso kufogisa uye kunyatsodhinda.
3) Gadzira michina yekugadzira uye yekugadzira mitsara yekugadzira ine yakakwira chibereko uye otomatiki.Pasi pekugadzirwa kwakasarudzika, kugadzirwa kwevashandi kunovandudzwa zvakanyanya uye mari yekuforoma inodzikiswa.
4) Gadzira masisitimu anochinjika ekugadzira (kushandisa tekinoroji yeboka, kukurumidza kufa shanduko, nezvimwewo).Izvi zvinogonesa akawanda-akasiyana-siyana, madiki-batch ekugadzira kugadzirwa kuti ashandise yakakwirira-inoshanda uye yakanyanya otomatiki ekugadzira michina kana mitsetse yekugadzira.Ita kuti kubereka kwayo uye hupfumi huve pedyo nehuwandu hwekugadzirwa kwehuwandu.
5) Gadzira zvinhu zvitsva, senge nzira dzekugadziridza dzehupfu simbi yehupfu (kunyanya kaviri-layer simbi hupfu), simbi yemvura, fiber-inosimbisa mapurasitiki, uye zvimwe zvinoumbwa zvinhu.Gadzira matekinoroji akadai seyepamusoro-soro yekugadzira, yakakwira-simba rekugadzira, uye yemukati yepamusoro-kumanikidza kuumba.
Nguva yekutumira: Feb-04-2024
