Forging ke lebitso le kopaneng la ho qhekella le ho hatakela.Ke mokhoa oa ho lokisa o sebelisang hamore, anvil, le punch ea mochini oa forging kapa hlobo ho fana ka khatello ho sekheo ho etsa hore deformation ea polasetiki e fumane likarolo tsa sebopeho le boholo bo hlokahalang.
Ho qapa eng
Nakong ea ts'ebetso ea ho qhekella, sekheo sohle se na le deformation e kholo ea polasetiki le phallo e ngata ea polasetiki.Ts'ebetsong ea setempe, sekheo se thehiloe haholo-holo ka ho fetola boemo ba sebaka sa sebaka se seng le se seng sa karolo, 'me ha ho phallo ea polasetiki ho feta sebaka se seholo ka hare ho eona.Forging e sebelisoa haholo-holo ho sebetsana le likarolo tsa tšepe.E ka boela ea sebelisoa ho sebetsana le lintho tse ling tseo e seng tsa tšepe, tse kang lipolasetiki tsa boenjiniere, rabara, likheo tsa ceramic, litene, le ho etsa thepa e kopantsoeng.
Ho roala, ho taka, joalo-joalo liindastering tsa forging le metallurgical kaofela ke polasetiki kapa khatello ea khatello.Leha ho le joalo, ho forging ho sebelisoa haholo ho hlahisa likarolo tsa tšepe, ha ho roala le ho taka ho sebelisoa haholo ho hlahisa lisebelisoa tsa tšepe tse sebelisoang ka kakaretso joalo ka lipoleiti, likhoele, liphaephe, liprofaele le likhoele.
Classification of Forging
Forging e arotsoe haholo ho latela mokhoa oa ho etsa le mocheso oa deformation.Ho ea ka mokhoa oa ho etsa, ho qhekella ho ka aroloa ka mekhahlelo e 'meli: ho qhekella le ho hatakela.Ho latela mocheso oa deformation, forging e ka aroloa ka forging e chesang, forging e batang, forging e futhumetseng, le forging ea isothermal, jj.
1. Ho qhekella ho chesang
Hot forging ke forging etsoa ka holimo mocheso recrystallization tsa tšepe.Ho eketsa mocheso ho ka ntlafatsa polasetiki ea tšepe, e leng molemo ho ntlafatsa boleng ba ts'ebetso ea mosebetsi le ho etsa hore e se ke ea senyeha habonolo.Mocheso o phahameng o ka boela oa fokotsa ho hanyetsa ha tšepe ea tšepe le ho fokotsa boima ba lithane tse hlokahalangmechini ea ho qhekella.Leha ho le joalo, ho na le mekhoa e mengata e chesang ea ho qhekella, ho nepahala ha workpiece ho fokola, 'me bokaholimo ha bo boreleli.'Me li-forging li na le tšekamelo ea ho oxidation, decarburization le tšenyo e tukang.Ha workpiece e le khōlō 'me e teteaneng, thepa e na le matla a phahameng le polasetiki e tlaase (e kang ho kobeha ha lipoleiti tse teteaneng tse eketsehileng, ho hula lithupa tsa tšepe tse phahameng tsa carbon, joalo-joalo), 'me ho sebelisoa forging e chesang.
Ka kakaretso ho sebelisoa mocheso forging mocheso ke: carbon tšepe 800 ~ 1250 ℃;motsoako tšepe sebopeho 850 ~ 1150 ℃;lebelo le phahameng tšepe 900 ~ 1100 ℃;hangata sebelisoa aluminium motsoako 380 ~ 500 ℃;motsoako 850 ~ 1000 ℃;koporo 700 ~ 900 ℃.
2. Ho qapa ho batang
Cold forging ke forging etsoa tlas'a tšepe recrystallization mocheso.Ka kakaretso, ho qhekella ho batang ho bolela ho forging mocheso oa kamore.
Lisebelisoa tse entsoeng ka mocheso o batang ka mocheso oa kamore li na le sebopeho se phahameng le ho nepahala ha boholo, libaka tse boreleli, mehato e fokolang ea ho sebetsa, 'me li loketse tlhahiso ea mochine.Likarolo tse ngata tse batang tse entsoeng ka setempe le tse batang li ka sebelisoa ka kotloloho e le likarolo kapa lihlahisoa ntle le tlhoko ea machining.Leha ho le joalo, nakong ea ho qhoqhoa ho batang, ka lebaka la polasetiki e tlaase ea tšepe, ho phunyeha ho bonolo ho etsahala nakong ea deformation le ho hanyetsa ha deformation ho hoholo, ho hloka mechine e meholo ea ho etsa lithane tse kholo.
3. Thepa e futhumetseng
Ho forging ka mocheso o phahameng ho feta mocheso o tloaelehileng empa o sa fete mocheso oa recrystallization o bitsoa forging e futhumetseng.Tšepe e chesoa pele, 'me mocheso o futhumatsang o tlase haholo ho feta oa forging e chesang.Forging e futhumetseng e na le ho nepahala ho holimo, sebaka se boreleli, le khanyetso e tlase ea deformation.
4. Isothermal forging
Isothermal forging e boloka mocheso o se nang letho o sa fetohe nakong ea ts'ebetso eohle ea ho theha.Isothermal forging ke ho sebelisa ka botlalo polasetiki e phahameng ea tšepe e itseng mochesong o le mong kapa ho fumana meaho le thepa e itseng.Isothermal forging e hloka ho boloka hlobo le lintho tse mpe ka mocheso o sa khaotseng, o hlokang litšenyehelo tse phahameng 'me o sebelisoa feela bakeng sa mekhoa e khethehileng ea ho qhekella, e kang ho etsa superplastic.
Litšobotsi tsa ho Forging
Ho forging ho ka fetola sebopeho sa tšepe le ho ntlafatsa thepa ea tšepe.Ka mor'a hore ingot e chese e entsoeng, ho lokoloha ha pele, li-pores, li-micro-cracks, joalo-joalo sebakeng sa cast li kopantsoe kapa li cheselitsoe.Li-dendrite tsa pele li robehile, li etsa hore lijo-thollo li be ntle.Ka nako e ts'oanang, karohano ea pele ea carbide le kabo e sa lekanang e fetoloa.Etsa sebopeho sa sebopeho, ho fumana li-forging tse teteaneng, tse ts'oanang, tse ntle, tse nang le ts'ebetso e ntle ka kakaretso, 'me li ka tšeptjoa ho sebelisoa.Ka mor'a hore forging e holofatsoe ke ho chesoa ho chesang, tšepe e na le sebopeho sa fibrous.Ka mor'a hore ho be le deformation e batang, kristale ea tšepe e fetoha e hlophisehileng.
Forging ke ho etsa hore tšepe e phalle ka polasetiki ho theha workpiece ea sebopeho se lakatsehang.Molumo oa tšepe ha o fetohe ka mor'a hore phallo ea polasetiki e hlahe ka lebaka la matla a ka ntle, 'me tšepe e lula e phallela karolong e nang le khanyetso e fokolang.Ka tlhahiso, sebopeho sa workpiece hangata e laoloa ho ea ka melao ena ho finyella deformations tse kang thickening, elongation, katoloso, kobeha, le tebileng ho hula.
Boholo ba mosebetsi o entsoeng ka boqhetseke bo nepahetse ebile bo loketse ho hlophisa tlhahiso ea bongata.Litekanyo tsa sebopeho sa hlobo lits'ebetsong tse joalo ka forging, extrusion, le stamping li nepahetse ebile li tsitsitse.Mechini e tsoetseng pele e sebetsang hantle haholo le mehala ea tlhahiso ea boiketsetso e ka sebelisoa ho hlophisa tlhahiso e khethehileng ea boima kapa ka bongata.
Mechini e sebelisoang hangata ea ho qhekella e kenyelletsa lihamore,hydraulic presses, le mechine ea khatiso.Hamore ea forging e na le lebelo le leholo la tšusumetso, e leng molemo ho phallo ea polasetiki ea tšepe, empa e tla hlahisa ho thothomela.Mochine oa khatiso oa hydraulic o sebelisa static forging, e leng molemo ho forging ka tšepe le ho ntlafatsa sebopeho.Mosebetsi o tsitsitse, empa tlhahiso e tlase.Mochine oa khatiso o na le stroke e tsitsitseng mme ho bonolo ho kenya ts'ebetsong mochine le ho iketsetsa.
Mokhoa oa Nts'etsopele ea Theknoloji ea Forging
1) Ho ntlafatsa boleng ba kahare ba likarolo tse entsoeng, haholoholo ho ntlafatsa thepa ea bona ea mochini (matla, polasetiki, boima, matla a mokhathala) le ho ts'epahala.
Sena se hloka ts'ebeliso e ntle ea mohopolo oa deformation ea polasetiki ea tšepe.Kenya lisebelisoa tsa boleng bo holimo, joalo ka tšepe e hloekisitsoeng ka vacuum le tšepe e qhibilihisitsoeng.Ho futhumatsa pele ho forging le ho phekola ka mokhoa o nepahetseng.Teko e matla le e pharaletseng e sa senyeheng ea likarolo tse qhekelitsoeng.
2) Ho tsoela pele ho nts'etsapele theknoloji e nepahetseng ea ho etsa le ho hatisa ka nepo.Ts'ebetso e sa seheng ke mohato le tataiso ea bohlokoahali bakeng sa indasteri ea mechini ho ntlafatsa ts'ebeliso ea thepa, ho ntlafatsa tlhahiso ea basebetsi, le ho fokotsa ts'ebeliso ea matla.Nts'etsopele ea ho futhumatsa e se nang oxidative ea likheo tsa ho forging, hammoho le ho thatafala haholo, ho sa senyeheng, lisebelisoa tsa hlobo tsa bophelo bo bolelele le mekhoa ea kalafo ea bokaholimo, e tla thusa ts'ebelisong e atolositsoeng ea ho qhekella ka nepo le ho hatakela ka nepo.
3) Theha lisebelisoa tsa ho qhekella le mehala ea tlhahiso e nang le tlhahiso e phahameng le boiketsetso.Tlas'a tlhahiso e khethehileng, tlhahiso ea basebetsi e ntlafala haholo 'me litšenyehelo tsa ho qhekella lia fokotseha.
4) Theha mekhoa e bonolo ea ho theha (ho sebelisa theknoloji ea sehlopha, phetoho e potlakileng ea lefu, joalo-joalo).Sena se nolofalletsa tlhahiso ea mefuta e mengata, ea li-batch tse nyane ho sebelisa lisebelisoa tse qhekellang tse sebetsang hantle haholo kapa mehala ea tlhahiso.Etsa tlhahiso ea eona le moruo haufi le boemo ba tlhahiso ea bongata.
5) Theha lisebelisoa tse ncha, joalo ka mekhoa ea ho lokisa ea lisebelisoa tsa metallurgy tsa phofo (haholo-holo phofo ea tšepe e habeli), tšepe e nang le metsi, polasetiki e matlafalitsoeng ka fiber, le lisebelisoa tse ling tse kopaneng.Theha mahlale a kang superplastic forming, high-energy forming, and internal high-pressing forming.
Nako ea poso: Feb-04-2024
