Iindaba-zidityaniswa njani iiqweqwe le-manhole eliphakamileyo?

Isigqubuthelo se-Manhole se-Menhole sisiCwangciso soVavanyo, kwaye iimpawu zalo zichaziwe: I-MAMANITIONIT IXESHA LOKUGQIBELA LWE-MALHEX, ukongeza izixhobo zokuqinisa, iifilimu, njl.
Ngapha koko, i-winn manhole ikhava (ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-fiber ye-fiber ye-fiber ye-firmer ye-manhole / i-bib ye-Manhole esebenzisa i-fiber ye-Manhole esebenzisa i-fiber ye-Manhole esebenzisa i-firling glass kunye ne-wiln ye-matrix njengezixhobo zeMatrix. Ine-polyester engalunganga, iifilitha, oonogatya, ii-rickege, ii-shrintage eziphantsi, ii-pignts zodaka, i-pigment kunye nohlobo oluqingqiweyo lwemveliso efihlakeleyo.
Phakathi kwezixhobo ezongeziweyo, i-fiber eqinisayo (ilaphu leglasi, ityhubhu, i-tepi, intambo, njl njl) zizinto eziphambili, amandla amakhulu kunye nomomongo omkhulu. Umzekelo, izinto ezihlanganisiweyo ze-carbon fiber kunye ne-epoxy ren, amandla ayo athile kunye novavanyo oluthile lube lukhulu, kwaye ukuchasana nobushushu, ukuncitshiswa kwengxolo, ukuncitshiswa kombane kunye nezinye iipropathi. Inxalenye ye-piber yefayibha yefonti kunye ne-resin inokufumana umbandela olwandiso olunelungelo elilinganayo lilingana no-zero. Enye into enezixhobo eziqinileyo zefayibe yi-ANISTROPOP, ngoko ke ulungiselelo lweentsinga lungayilwa ngokwamandla okufundiswa kwamandla eenxalenye ezahlukeneyo zemveliso. I-Aluminium Matrix iqiniswe nge-carbon fibers kunye neentsinga ze-selicon carbide zisenokugcina amandla alongezelelekileyo kunye nomodulus nge-500 ° C.
Izikhuselo ze-manhole zinokwahlulwa zibe yi-BMC kunye ne-SMC ngokwemfuno yentengiso, iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zemveliso kunye nezixhobo:
I-BMC (i-DMC) Izixhobo ziikhomputha ze-bulk. Ihlala ibizwa ngokuba yi-Ponturter eNgcwele e-Polyters Esona sixhobo siphambili senhlama-njenge-cerrere edityaniswe ngokupheleleyo yi-GF (i-fiber echetyiweyo), i-fiber ye-fiber echetyiweyo), i-fiber echetyiweyo), i-wiln engadibaniyo), i-MD (i-filler) kunye neezongezo ezahlukeneyo. Izinto ze-DMC zaqala ukusetyenziswa kwiJamani yangaphambili ne-United Kingdom kwiminyaka yoo-1960, emva koko yaqulunqa eUnited States naseJapan nge-1970s, ngokwahlukeneyo Kuba i-BMC ye-BMC ye-BMC ye-Bulk ineepropathi ezigqwesileyo, ukuxhathisa ubushushu, ukunyangeka kobushushu, kunye nokuguqulwa kwemveliso yemoto, kwaye isebenza kwiimveliso ezahlukeneyo zokubumba, kwaye zinokuzivumelanisa neemveliso zombane kunye nezinye iimveliso zombane kunye nezinye izinto.
I-SMC Corposites i-Shekhi ye-Sheet ibubumba. Ezona zinto ziphambili ze-GF ziqulunqwe nge-GF (i-YARN eyodwa), phezulu (i-wiln engacwangciswanga), i-resin enophawu olusezantsi, i-MD (i-MD (ifilitha) kunye nee-auxilies ezahlukeneyo. Kwaqala ukubonakala eYurophu ekuqaleni kowe-1960s, nangowe-1965, iUnited States kunye neJapan ngokukodwa kwakuphucula obu bobu. Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yee-1980, ilizwe lam lazisa imithombo yemveliso ye-SMC ye-SMC kunye neenkqubo zemveliso. Izinto ezihlanganisiweyo zeSMC kunye neemveliso zabo ezibunjiweyo ze-SMC zineepropathi eziguqulweyo zombane, oomatshini, uzinzo lwe-thermal, kunye nokunganyangeki kwekhemikhali. Ke ngoko, uluhlu lwesicelo semveliso ye-SMC yinto eqhelekileyo. Imeko yophuhliso yangoku yokutshintsha izixhobo ze-BMC kunye ne-SMC.
Ngoku ukusetyenziswa kwe-Monsin ye-Monsin Manhole idlala indima enkulu ebomini bethu, kwaye i-Monsin Manhole ivele ngenxa yomsebenzi wabo wokuzicoca.
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-Mhole Carvers e-Monsin endleleni ineempawu zokufakelwa, akukho ngxolo, akukho ngexabiso lokuphinda lisebenze kunye nendalo. Ayinakufikeleleka kwi-Iron Manhole.
Ikhava ye-Monsin Mhole yenziwa yinkqubo eyahlukileyo yokubumba, eyenza ukuba isixeko sijongeka entsha. Ubomi benkonzo buyiminyaka engama-20-50. Ikhava le-Monshole ye-Manhole eyenziwe ngokutyibilika kobushushu obuphezulu ineengenelo zobunzima obukhanya kunye namandla aphezulu, ukunyangwa okuphezulu kunye nokonakalisa ukhuseleko. Inezibonelelo zokubumba okulula, ingxolo ephantsi yokugaya, ukumelana nekhemizi yekhemikhali elungileyo, i-Acid elungileyo kunye ne-Alid elungileyo kunye ne-Alkali Ukunganyangeki kunye nabangcolisayo, kwaye abangcolisekileyo bancitshisiwe.
Ngoku kwimarike, i-manhole iveliswe yimibutho eyahlukeneyo yabavelisi be-manhole yenziwa ngezinto ezahlukeneyo, kodwa izinto ezininzi ziyafana:
I-1. Umsebenzi owomeleleyo we-anti-ubuthanga: I-Manfrate ye-Manhole ye-Manhole yenziwe nge-resin engabhalwanga, ifayibha yeglasi kunye nezinye izinto ngenkqubo yemveliso eyodwa, kwaye iimveliso azinaxabiso lokuphinda lisebenze. Ukuqiniswa akululanga.
2. Ubomi benkonzo: Ngokusebenzisa i-resin yokusebenza ephezulu, i-fiber yefibuthe ye-glass kunye nenkqubo yemveliso eyodwa, ukungena kwe-fiber ye-fibe yeglasi kuqinisekisiwe, ukuze izinto eziphakathi ziphuculwe kakhulu, ukuze i-verion ayisonakaliswa phantsi kwesenzo somthwalo we-cyclic. Umonakalo wangaphakathi wenzeka, ngaloo ndlela eqinisekisa ubomi benkonzo yemveliso kunye neenzuzo ezifanayo zezinye izinto ezihlanganisiweyo ze-winhole, ezifanelekileyo ukuphelisa ukungabi nakhohlakalo lokunamathela.
I-3. Ubushushu obuphezulu / ukuxhathisa kobushushu obuphantsi, intsebenzo yokusebenza kakuhle kunye nokunganyangeki okuqinileyo: Imveliso iyosulela-enganyangekiyo, engenabungozi kwaye engenabungozi. Akukho songezo zesinyithi. Ingasetyenziselwa izinto ezintsonkothileyo kwaye iguquke, i-rhaneh kunye nezafuna ukutya. I-ACHEE COUNT EQHUTYELWE NGEENKCAZO ZOKUGQIBELA ZE-MINOLE BASHOPALA KUPHELA NGAMAZIKO OKUFUNDILEYO YAZWELONKE APHATHI, kwaye sinokunyangwa ngokucacileyo ne-Alkali, ukungavisisani, ukwaluphala kunye nezinye izikhombisi ezihlangabezana nemigangatho esemgangathweni yemveliso.
4. I-4. Ngokweemfuno zabathengi, zinokwenziwa zikwimo yayo eyahlukeneyo yokuxelisa kunye nemibala efana neendlela ezahlukeneyo zamatye.
5. Umthamo onamandla otyhutyha omeleleyo: Ezantsi, yamkela i-fibrecting ekhethekileyo, kwaye i-fiber eqhubekayo esetyenzisiweyo yenziwa ngezinto eziqinisekisiweyo zefayibha kunye neglasi ye-fiber idityaniswe, ukuze imveliso inomthamo othile we-fiber.
6. UKHUSELEKO LOKUGQIBELA, UKUKHUSELEKELA, Ingxolo engaphantsi, Ingxolo ephantsi: Ikhava ye-Manhole ayiyi kutyibilika emva kokuba imoto iqengqele, kwaye akuyi kubakho ngxolo kunye nongcoliseko lwendlebe.
Xa ufaka isigqubuthelo se-manhole, landela la manyathelo mane:
1. Ngaphambi kofakelo, isiseko sekhava ye-Manhole kufuneka sicoceke kwaye siqinile, kwaye ububanzi obungaphakathi, ubude nobubanzi kufuneka bumiselwe ngokobungakanani be-Manhole ikhava yekhava ye-manhole.
2. Xa ukufaka isiciko se-manhole ye-manhole kwisamente yesamente, nikela ingqalelo kwikhonkrithi ye-Wellhead kufuneka ithulule kwikhonkrithi, kwaye umsesane wokhuseleko lwekhonkrithi kufuneka usekwe kwi-periphery yeentsuku ezili-10.
3. Xa ufaka i-manhole edibeneyo kwi-Asphal Povement, ingqalelo kufuneka ihlawulwe ukunqanda oomatshini bokwakha ngokuthe ngqo kwikhava ye-manhole kunye nesitulo se-manhole ukunqanda ukonakala.
4. Ukuze ugcine ubuhle bekhava ye-Manhole kunye nokubhalwa kwesandla esicacileyo kunye nephethini, kulumkele ukungayiphathi ikhuselo le-manhole xa ugalela i-asphalt kunye nesamente kumphezulu wendlela.
Indlela yophuhliso:
. Inokuthwala ngaphezulu kweetoni ezingama-40 zezithuthi.
. Ingasetyenziswa ngamatyeli ngeemfuno eziphambili zobugcisa ze-manhole.
. Ke ngoko, inzuzo yokuba ingaphucuki xa ixabiso lensimbi liyaqhubeka. Kungenxa yokuba ayinayo i-iron encinci, i-anti-ft ye-anti-ft kunelitye lefestile yelitye kunye ne-fiber ye-manhole ye-manhole.
. Ukuba iveliswe kwiishishi ezintathu, zinokudilizwa kathathu kwiiyure ezingama-24. Nangona isixa semali engaphezulu kweplastiki yelitye, yi-1/6 ye-1/6 ye-fiber ye-fiber ye-manhole. Inganciphisa kwakhona utyalomali lokubumba. Ngemveliso yonyaka ye-10,000 yeeseti ze-manhole, kuphela iiseti ezili-10 kuphela.
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