Yintoni iForging?UHlelo & neempawu

I-Forging ligama elidityanisiweyo lokubumba kunye nesitampu.Yindlela yokwenza inkqubo esebenzisa isando, i-anvil, kunye ne-punch yomatshini wokubumba okanye isikhunta sokubeka uxinzelelo kwindawo engenanto ukuze kubangele ukuguqulwa kweplastiki ukufumana iinxalenye zemilo efunekayo kunye nobukhulu.

Yintoni ukubumba

Ngexesha lenkqubo yokubumba, yonke into engenanto idlula kwi-deformation yeplastiki kunye nenani elikhulu lokuhamba kweplastiki.Kwinkqubo yesitampu, indawo engenanto yenziwa ngokutshintsha indawo yendawo yendawo nganye, kwaye akukho nto ihamba ngeplastiki kumgama omkhulu ngaphakathi kwayo.Ukubumba kusetyenziswa ikakhulu ukucubungula iinxalenye zetsimbi.Isenokusetyenziswa ukusetyenzwa kweentsimbi ezithile ezingezizo iintsimbi, ezifana neeplastiki zobunjineli, irabha, izikhewu zeceramic, izitena, kunye nokuyilwa kwemathiriyeli edibeneyo.

Ukuqengqeleka, umzobo, njl.njl. kwimizi-mveliso ye-forging kunye ne-metallurgical zonke ziyiplastiki okanye ukucutshungulwa koxinzelelo.Nangona kunjalo, ukubunjwa kusetyenziswa ikakhulu ukuvelisa iinxalenye zentsimbi, ngelixa ukuqengqeleka kunye nokuzoba kusetyenziswa ikakhulu ukuvelisa izixhobo zetsimbi ezisetyenziselwa iinjongo ngokubanzi ezifana neepleyiti, imicu, imibhobho, iiprofayili kunye neengcingo.

Ukuhlelwa Kokuqulunqa

I-Forging ihlelwa ikakhulu ngokwendlela yokubumba kunye nobushushu bokutshintsha.Ngokwendlela yokwenza, ukubumba kunokwahlulwa kube ngamacandelo amabini: ukubunjwa kunye nokunyathela.Ngokweqondo lobushushu le-deformation, i-forging inokwahlulwa ibe yi-forging eshushu, i-forging ebandayo, i-forging efudumeleyo, kunye ne-isothermal forging, njl.

1. Ukuganga okushushu

Ukubunjwa okushushu kusenziwa ngaphezulu kweqondo lobushushu lentsimbi.Ukwandisa iqondo lokushisa kunokuphucula iplastiki yesinyithi, enenzuzo ekuphuculeni umgangatho wangaphakathi we-workpiece kunye nokwenza kube lula ukuqhekeka.Ukushisa okuphezulu kunokunciphisa ukunyanzeliswa kwe-deformation yentsimbi kunye nokunciphisa ithoni efunekayooomatshini bokubumba.Nangona kunjalo, zininzi iinkqubo zokubumba ezishushu, ukuchaneka kwe-workpiece kumbi, kwaye umphezulu awugudi.Kwaye i-forgings inomdla kwi-oxidation, i-decarburization, kunye nomonakalo ovuthayo.Xa i-workpiece inkulu kwaye inzima, i-material inamandla aphezulu kunye neplastiki ephantsi (njengokugoba kwamacwecwe angaphezulu, umzobo weentsimbi eziphezulu zekhabhoni, njl. njl.), kunye ne-forging eshushu iyasetyenziswa.
Amaqondo obushushu okubumba asetyenziswa ngokubanzi ngala: carbon steel 800 ~ 1250 ℃;ingxubevange yentsimbi yesakhiwo 850 ~ 1150 ℃;isantya esiphezulu sentsimbi 900 ~ 1100 ℃;ialluminiyam esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo 380 ~ 500℃;ingxubevange 850 ~ 1000℃;ubhedu 700 ~ 900℃.

2. Ukubunjwa okubandayo

Cold forging kwenziwa ngezantsi iqondo lobushushu metal recrystallization.Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukubumba okubandayo kubhekisela ekufuneni kwiqondo lokushisa.

Izixhobo zokusebenza ezenziwe ngokubumba okubandayo kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi zinemilo ephezulu kunye nokuchaneka komda, iindawo ezigudileyo, amanyathelo ambalwa okusebenza, kwaye zilungele imveliso ezenzekelayo.Iindawo ezininzi ezibandayo ezakhiweyo kunye nezinesitampu ezibandayo zingasetyenziswa ngokuthe ngqo njengeenxalenye okanye iimveliso ngaphandle kwesidingo somatshini.Nangona kunjalo, ngexesha lokubumba okubandayo, ngenxa yeplastiki ephantsi yentsimbi, ukuqhekeka kulula ukwenzeka ngexesha lokuguqulwa kwaye ukuchasana kwe-deformation kukhulu, kufuna oomatshini bokwenza iitoni ezinkulu.

3. Ukubumba ngokufudumeleyo

Ukuqulunqa kwiqondo lokushisa elingaphezulu kwesiqhelo kodwa lingagqithisi iqondo lokushisa elibizwa ngokuba yi-forging efudumeleyo.Isinyithi sifudumala, kwaye ubushushu bokufudumala buphantsi kakhulu kunobumba obushushu.Ukubunjwa okufudumeleyo kunokuchaneka okuphezulu, umphezulu ogudileyo, kunye nokumelana nokuguqulwa okuphantsi.

4. Isothermal forging

I-Isothermal forging igcina ubushushu obungenanto buhlala buthe gqolo ngexesha layo yonke inkqubo yokubumba.I-Isothermal forging kukusebenzisa ngokupheleleyo iplastiki ephezulu yeentsimbi ezithile kwiqondo lokushisa elifanayo okanye ukufumana izakhiwo kunye neempawu ezithile.I-Isothermal forging idinga ukugcina isikhunta kunye nezinto ezimbi kwiqondo lokushisa elingaguqukiyo, elifuna iindleko eziphezulu kwaye lisetyenziselwa kuphela iinkqubo zokubumba ezikhethekileyo, ezifana nokubunjwa kwe-superplastic.

Iimpawu zokuForging

Ukuqulunqa kunokutshintsha isakhiwo sesinyithi kunye nokuphucula iimpawu zetsimbi.Emva kokuba i-ingot ishushu ifakwe, i-looseness yasekuqaleni, i-pores, i-micro-cracks, njl njl kwi-cast state idibene okanye i-welded.I-dendrites yasekuqaleni iqhekeziwe, yenza iinkozo zibe ngcono.Ngexesha elifanayo, ukuhlukaniswa kwe-carbide yokuqala kunye nokusabalalisa okungafaniyo kuyatshintshwa.Yenza iyunifomu yesakhiwo, ukufumana i-forgings exineneyo, efanayo, ilungile, isebenze kakuhle iyonke, kwaye inokuthenjwa ekusebenziseni.Emva kokuba i-forging ikhutshaziwe ngokutshisa okutshisa, isinyithi sinesakhiwo esine-fibrous.Emva kokuguqulwa okubandayo, ikristale yentsimbi iba ngocwangco.

Ukubumba kukwenza ukuba isinyithi sihambe ngeplastiki ukwenza i-workpiece yesimo esifunekayo.Umthamo wesinyithi awutshintshi emva kokuhamba kweplastiki kwenzeka ngenxa yamandla angaphandle, kwaye isinyithi sihlala sigeleza kwindawo enobuncinci bokuchasana.Kwimveliso, imilo ye-workpiece isoloko ilawulwa ngokungqinelana nale mithetho ukuze kuphunyezwe ukukhubazeka okunje ukutyeba, ukunyusa, ukwanda, ukugoba kunye nokuzoba nzulu.

Ubungakanani bomsebenzi obunjiweyo buchanekile kwaye bulungele ukulungelelanisa imveliso yobuninzi.Imilinganiselo yokubumba i-mold kwizicelo ezifana nokubunjwa, i-extrusion, kunye ne-stamping ichanekile kwaye izinzile.Ubuchule obuphezulu bokubumba oomatshini kunye nemigca yemveliso yokuzenzela ngokuzenzekelayo ingasetyenziselwa ukuququzelela ubunzima obukhethekileyo okanye imveliso yobuninzi.

Oomatshini bokubumba abaqhelekileyo babandakanya iihamile zokubumba,oomatshini boxinzelelo behydraulic, kunye noomatshini bokushicilela.Ihamile yokubumba inesantya esikhulu sempembelelo, enenzuzo ekuhambeni kweplastiki yesinyithi, kodwa iya kuvelisa ukungcangcazela.Umshicileli we-hydraulic usebenzisa i-static forging, enenzuzo ekufakeni isinyithi kunye nokuphucula isakhiwo.Umsebenzi uzinzile, kodwa imveliso iphantsi.Umshicileli womatshini une-stroke esisigxina kwaye kulula ukuphumeza umatshini kunye nokuzenzekelayo.

UPhuhliso lweTekhnoloji yokuQinisa

I-1) Ukuphucula umgangatho wangaphakathi weengxenye ezibunjiweyo, ngokukodwa ukuphucula iimpawu zabo zomatshini (amandla, iplastiki, ukuqina, amandla okukhathala) kunye nokuthembeka.
Oku kufuna ukusetyenziswa ngcono ithiyori deformation zeplastiki zesinyithi.Faka imathiriyeli enomgangatho ongcono ngokwendalo, njengentsimbi ecociweyo ngevacuum kunye nentsimbi enyibilikisiweyo.Yenza ukufudumeza kwangaphambili kunye nokulungiswa kobushushu ngokuchanekileyo.Uvavanyo olungqongqo ngakumbi nolubanzi olungangonakalisiyo lwamalungu abunjiweyo.

2) Ukuqhubela phambili phuhlisa ubuchwephesha bobuchwephesha bokubumba kunye nokuchaneka kwetekhnoloji yesitampu.Ukusetyenzwa okunganqunywanga ngowona mlinganiselo ubalulekileyo kunye nomkhombandlela kwishishini loomatshini lokuphucula ukusetyenziswa kwezinto, ukuphucula imveliso yabasebenzi, kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla.Ukuphuhliswa kokufudumeza okungeyona i-oxidative ye-forging blanks, kunye nokuqina okuphezulu, ukunyanzeliswa kwempahla, izinto zokubumba ixesha elide kunye neendlela zokunyanga komhlaba, kuya kuba luncedo ekusetyenzisweni okwandisiweyo kwe-forging forging kunye ne-stamping echanekileyo.

3) Phuhlisa izixhobo zokubumba kunye nokwenza imigca yemveliso enemveliso ephezulu kunye ne-automation.Ngaphantsi kwemveliso ekhethekileyo, imveliso yabasebenzi iphuculwa kakhulu kwaye iindleko zokubumba ziyancitshiswa.

I-4) Ukuphuhlisa iinkqubo zokubumba eziguquguqukayo (ukusebenzisa iteknoloji yeqela, utshintsho olukhawulezayo lokufa, njl.).Oku kwenza ukuba izinto ezahlukeneyo, imveliso yokubumba ibhetshi encinci isebenzise ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nezixhobo ezizenzekelayo ezizenzekelayo okanye imigca yemveliso.Yenza imveliso yayo kunye noqoqosho lusondele kwinqanaba lokuvelisa ngobuninzi.

5) Phuhlisa izixhobo ezitsha, ezinje ngokwenziwa kweendlela zokwenziwa komgubo wesinyithi wesinyithi (ingakumbi umgubo wesinyithi ophindwe kabini), isinyithi esilulwelo, iiplastiki ezomelezwe ngefayibha, kunye nezinye izinto ezihlanganisiweyo.Phuhlisa itekhnoloji enje nge-superplastic forming, ukwenza amandla aphezulu, kunye nokwenziwa koxinzelelo oluphezulu lwangaphakathi.