Lapha sizokwethula izinqubo eziyi-10 ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zepulasitiki. Funda ukwazi imininingwane eminingi.
1. Ukuhlanganiswa
2. Ukushaya ngamandla
3. Ukubumba kokukhishwa
4. I-calendering (ishidi, ifilimu)
I-5. Ukubumba ukucindezela
I-6.
7. Ukubumba okujikelezayo
8. Isishiyagalombili, ukudonsa kweplastiki
9. UBlokho Wakha
10. Ukubumba okushiywe
1. Ukuhlanganiswa
Umgomo wokubumba umjovo ukwengeza izinto zokwakha ze-granular noma ze-powdery ku-hopper yomshini wokujova, futhi izinto ezingavuthiwe ziyafudumala futhi zancibilika ziye ezweni le-fluid. Iqhutshwa isikulufa noma i-piston yomshini wokujova, ingena ku-caversing mold ngokusebenzisa i-nozzle kanye nohlelo lwe-gingsion lwesikhunta futhi lukhuni nobunjwa ku-carve. Izici ezithinta ikhwalithi yokubumba kokujova: ingcindezi yomjovo, isikhathi somjovo, kanye nokushisa komjovo.
Izici zenqubo:
Inzuzo:
(1) Umjikelezo omfushane wokubumba, ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza okuphezulu, kanye nokuzenzakalela okulula.
(2) Kungadala izingxenye zepulasitiki ngezimo eziyinkimbinkimbi, ubukhulu obunolwazi, kanye nokufakwa kwensimbi noma okungeyona insimbi.
(3) Ikhwalithi Yomkhiqizo Ozinzile.
(4) Uhla olubanzi lokuzivumelanisa nezimo.
Ukushiyeka:
(1) Intengo yemishini yokubumba yomjovo iphakeme kakhulu.
(2) Ukwakheka kwesikhunta somjovo kuyinkimbinkimbi.
(3) Izindleko zokukhiqiza ziphezulu, umjikelezo wokukhiqiza mude, futhi awulungele ukukhiqizwa kwezingxenye zepulasitiki ezizodwa kanye nezingxenye ezincane ze-batch.
Isicelo:
Emikhiqizweni yezimboni, imikhiqizo ebunjiwe yokujova ifaka izimpahla ezikhishwe ekhishini (amathini kadoti, amathini, amabhodwe, amathoyizi nemidlalo yokudla, izingxenye zemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene, njll.
1) Faka ukubumba komjovo
Faka Ukubumba Kusho umjovo we-resin ngemuva kokulayisha ukufakwa kwangaphambi kokulungiswa kwezinto ezahlukahlukene ku-isikhunta. Indlela yokubumba lapho kuhlanganiswa khona izinto ezincibilikisiwe kufakwe bese kuqinisekiswa ukwakha umkhiqizo ohlanganisiwe.
Izici zenqubo:
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(3) Ikakhulu ngokusebenzisa inhlanganisela yokufakelwa kwe-resin kanye nokuvuselelwa kwensimbi, imikhiqizo ebunjiwe ingahlangabezana nemisebenzi eyisisekelo yemikhiqizo kagesi.
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2) Ukubumba okunemibala emibili
Ukubumba okunemibala emibili kubhekisele endleleni yokubumba yokujova izipuni ezimbili ezinemibala ezihlukene kulolo olufanayo. Kungenza ipulasitiki ivele ngemibala emibili ehlukene futhi ingenza nezingxenye zepulasitiki ziveze iphethini ejwayelekile noma iphethini elingajwayelekile le-moiré, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusetshenziswa kwezindawo zepulasitiki.
Izici zenqubo:
(1) Izinto ezibalulekile zingasebenzisa izinto zokwenza okuphansi ukuze zinciphise ingcindezi yomjovo.
(2) Kusukela ekuhlolweni kokuvikelwa kwemvelo, izinto ezibalulekile zingasebenzisa impahla yesibili eyenziwe kabusha.
(3) Ngokusho kwezimpawu ezihlukile zokusebenzisa, ngokwesibonelo, izinto ezithambile zisetshenziselwa isendlalelo sesikhumba semikhiqizo eminyene, nezinto ezinzima zisetshenziselwa izinto ezibalulekile. Noma izinto ezibalulekile zingasebenzisa i-Foam Plastic ukuze zinciphise isisindo.
(4) Izinto eziphansi ezisezingeni eliphansi zingasetshenziswa ukunciphisa izindleko.
. Lokhu kungakhuphula ukusebenza komkhiqizo.
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3) Inqubo Yokubumba Yobusuku E-Microfoam
Inqubo yokungezelela ye-microfoam umjovo iyinhlangano yobuchwepheshe bokuqonda yokuqonda yokuqonda. Umkhiqizo ugcwele ukwanda kwama-pores, futhi ukwakhiwa komkhiqizo kuqediwe ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephansi nephakathi.
Inqubo yokubumba ye-microcellular foam ingahlukaniswa izigaba ezintathu:
Okokuqala, uketshezi oluhle kakhulu (i-carbon dioxide noma i-nitrogen) incibilika ekunamathisweni okushisayo okushisayo ukwakha isixazululo sesigaba esisodwa. Lapho-ke ifakwe emgodini wokudala emazingeni okushisa aphansi kanye nengcindezi ngokusebenzisa i-nozzle ye-switchch. Inani elikhulu le-Air Bubble Nuclei yakhelwa emkhiqizweni ngenxa yokungazinzi kwamangqamuzana okubangelwa izinga lokushisa nokuncishiswa kwengcindezi. Lezi bubble nuclei kancane kancane zikhula ukuze zakhe izimbobo ezincane.
Izici zenqubo:
(1) Ukubumba okunembile kokuhlolisisa.
(2) Ukuphumelela kokulinganiselwa okuningi kokubumba kokujoka kwendabuko. Kunganciphisa kakhulu isisindo somsebenzi wokusebenza futhi kufinyeze umjikelezo wokubumba.
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Isicelo:
Amadeshibhodi e-Car, amaphaneli eminyango, ama-ducts anezimo zomoya, njll.
4) I-NANO INJETELY Milding (NMT)
I-NMT (NANO yokubumba ubuchwepheshe) iyindlela yokuhlanganisa insimbi nepulasitiki nge-nanotechnology. Ngemuva kokuthi indawo yensimbi ilandelwa i-nano, ipulasitiki ingenakulwa ngokuqondile emphemeni wensimbi, ukuze insimbi nepulasitiki kungakhiwa ngokungenhla. Ubuchwepheshe bokubumba beNano buhlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezimbili zezinqubo ngokuya ngeplastiki:
(1) Ipulasitiki iwukubumba okubalulekile kwendawo engenabukeki.
(2) Ipulasitiki yakhiwa ngokungenhla ingaphandle elingaphandle.
Izici zenqubo:
(1) Umkhiqizo unokubukeka kwensimbi nokuthungwa.
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(3) Yehlisa izindleko zokukhiqiza namandla aphezulu wokubopha, futhi unciphise kakhulu isilinganiso sokusetshenziswa kokudla okuhlobene.
Izinto ezisetshenziswayo zensimbi nezinto ezisebenzayo:
(1) I-Aluminium, i-Magnesium, ithusi, insimbi engenacala, titanium, iron, ishidi elenziwe nge-galvanized, ithusi.
(2) Ukuguquguquka kwe-aluminium alloy kunamandla, kufaka phakathi uchungechunge olungu-1000 kuya ku-7000.
(3) Ama-resins afaka i-PPS, PBT, PA6, PA66, ne-PPA.
(4) I-PPS inamandla amakhulu anamathela (3000N / C㎡).
Isicelo:
Icala leselula, icala le-laptop, njll.
Ukushaya ukubumba
Ukubumba okushayayo kungukuphazamisa izinto ezibunjiwe ezibunjiwe ze-thermoplastic kukhishwe ku-extruder kubumba, bese kuvunguza umoya ngezinto ezingavuthiwe. Izinto ezincibilikisiwe ezikhuphukayo zinwebeka ngaphansi kwesenzo sokucindezela komoya futhi zinamathela odongeni lwesikhunta. Ekugcineni, indlela yokupholisa nokuqina ibe ukwakheka komkhiqizo oyifunayo. Ukubumba okushaya kwehlukaniswe izinhlobo ezimbili: ukushaya ifilimu ukubumba nokubumba okuzwakalayo.
1) Ifilimu lishaya
Ukuqhuma ifilimu kukhipha ipulasitiki elibunjiwe ku-cylindrical tube elincanyana elincanyana kusuka kwigebe le-ancular lokufa kwekhanda le-extruder. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukushaya umoya okucindezelwe emgodini wangaphakathi weshubhu elincanyana ukusuka emgodini wesikhungo sekhanda lomshini. Ishubhu elincanyana lishaywa kwifilimu elingu-tubular elinobubanzi obukhulu (olwaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi yi-bubble tube), futhi lihlanganiswe ngemuva kokupholisa.
2) Ukuqhakaza Okushayiwe
Ukuphakanyiswa kokuqhafaza okuyisisekelo kungobuchwepheshe besibili bokubumba okuthi i-parison efana nerabha evaliwe engxenyeni eyisilo emkhiqizweni ongenalutho ngokusebenzisa ingcindezi yegesi. Futhi kuyindlela yokukhiqiza imikhiqizo yepulasitiki engenalutho. Ukubumba okuvuthayo okuyize kuyehlukahluka ngokuya ngendlela yokukhiqiza ye-parison, kufaka phakathi ukubumba kokukhishwa kwe-extrow
1))Ukuqhakaza kwe-Extrusion Ukubumba:Kuzokwelula i-tubular parison nge-extuder, chofoza inkunzi yokubumba bese ubopha phansi ngenkathi kushisa. Ngemuva kwalokho dlula umoya ocindezelwe ungene emgodini wangaphakathi weshubhu ungenalutho bese ulishaya ngesimo.
2))Ukulimala kokulimaza:Ipharanisi elisetshenzisiwe litholakala ngokubumba komjovo. I-parison ihlala isemqondweni wesikhunta. Ngemuva kokuba isikhunta sivaliwe ngesikhunta esivuthayo, umoya ocindezelwe udluliswa isikhunta esisezingeni eliphansi. I-parison iyakhuphuka, ipholile, futhi umkhiqizo utholakele ngemuva kokudilizwa.
Inzuzo:
Ubukhulu bodonga lomkhiqizo bufana, ukubekezelela isisindo kuncane, ukucubungula kwangemva kwalokho kuncane, kanti amakona angcolile anciphile.
Ilungele ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo emincane ecwengekile enamabheji amakhulu.
3))Yelula ukubumba okushayayo:I-parison eshiyelwe emazingeni okushisa entengo ibekwa ku-blow isikhunta. Umkhiqizo utholwa ngokwelula ngokunwebeka ngenduku yokunwetshwa futhi welula ngokuvundlile ngomoya ocindezelwe.
Isicelo:
(1) Ukubumba amafilimu okuqhuma kusetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukwenza isikhunta esincanyana sepulasitiki.
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Ukubumba kokukhishwa
Ukubumba kokukhishwa kwe-ExtRUSION kufanelekile ekubumbeni kwama-thermoplastics futhi kulungele ukubumba kokunye okuthengiswayo kanye nokuqiniswa kwamapulasitiki nge-fluority enhle. Inqubo yokubumba ukusebenzisa isikulufa esijikelezayo ukukhipha impahla evuthayo futhi ebilisiwe ye-thermoplastic kusuka ekhanda ngesimo esidingekayo sesigaba. Lapho-ke kubunjwe ngumshayeli, bese kuphola futhi kuqinisekiswa yipholile ukuba kube ngumkhiqizo ngesigaba esidingekayo.
Izici zenqubo:
(1) Izindleko eziphansi zemishini.
(2) Ukusebenza kulula, inqubo kulula ukuyilawula, futhi kulula ukubona ukukhiqizwa okuzenzakalelayo okuzayo.
(3) ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza okuphezulu.
(4) Ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo iyafana.
(5) Imikhiqizo noma imikhiqizo eqediwe enezimo ezahlukahlukene zesigaba sesigaba ingakhiwa ngokushintsha okufa kwekhanda lomshini.
Isicelo:
Emkhakheni wokwakheka komkhiqizo, ukubumba kokukhishwa kwe-Expression kunamandla aqinile. Izinhlobo zemikhiqizo esetshenzisiwe zifaka amapayipi, amafilimu, izinduku, ama-monofilaments, amateyipulethi, amanetha, amafreyimu wesicabha, amapuleti, nama-monofilaments, nezinye izinto ezenziwe ngentambo.
I-Calendering (ishidi, ifilimu)
I-Calendering yindlela lapho izinto ezisetshenziswayo zepulasitiki zidlula khona ngochungechunge lwama-roller afudumele ukuze uzixhumanise amafilimu noma amashidi ngaphansi kwesenzo sokukhishwa nokwelula.
Izici zenqubo:
Izinzuzo:
(1) Ikhwalithi enhle yomkhiqizo, umthamo omkhulu wokukhiqiza, nokukhiqizwa okuqhubekayo okuzenzakalelayo.
(2) Okubi: Imishini emikhulu, izidingo eziphezulu zokunemba, imishini yokusizakala kakhulu, futhi ububanzi bomkhiqizo bunqunyelwe ubude be-rollender.
Isicelo:
Isetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhiqizweni kwefilimu elithambile le-PVC, amashidi, isikhumba sokufakelwa, iphepha lokunamathisela odongeni, njll.
Ukubumba kokucindezela
Ukubumba kokucindezela kusetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukubumba kwamapulasitiki we-thermoset. Ngokwezakhiwo zezinto zokwakha zokubumba kanye nezimpawu zokucubungula imishini nobuchwepheshe, ukubumba kokuxhumanisa kungahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezimbili: Ukubumba kokuqamba nokubumba kokubumba nokubumba.
1) Ukubumba kokucindezela
Ukubumba kokucindezela kuyindlela eyinhloko yokubumba amapulasitiki we-thermoset kanye namapulasitiki aqinisiwe. Le nqubo ukucindezela impahla evuthiwe kubumba oshiyelwe amazinga okushisa athile ukuze impahla eluhlaza inyuke futhi igeleze futhi igcwalise i-cavity eyisikejana ngokulinganayo. Ngemuva kwenkathi ethile yesikhathi ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa nengcindezi, izinto ezingavuthiwe zakhiwa zibe yimikhiqizo.Umshini wokubumba wokuxhumaSebenzisa le nqubo.
Izici zenqubo:
Imikhiqizo ebunjiwe ihlangene ekuthukeni, inembile ngosayizi, ibushelelezi futhi ibushelelezi ngokubukeka, ngaphandle kwamamaki wesango, futhi ube nokuqina okuhle.
Isicelo:
Phakathi kwemikhiqizo yezimboni, imikhiqizo ebunjiwe ifaka imishini kagesi (ama-plugs kanye nezinyawo), izibambo zebhodwe, izibambo zetafula, amathoyizi amathoyizi (izitsha zokudlela ezingafinyeleleki), njll.
2) Ukubumba kwesikhombisi
Ukubumba kwe-Lamination kuyindlela yokuhlanganisa izingqimba ezimbili noma ngaphezulu zezinto ezifanayo noma ezahlukene zibe zilonke ngeshidi noma izinto ze-fibrous njengezimo zokushisa ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa.
Izici zenqubo:
Inqubo yokubumba yama-Lamination iqukethe izigaba ezintathu: Ukufakwa kabusha, ukucindezela kanye nokusebenza ngemuva. Isetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhiqizweni kwamashidi epulasitiki aqinisiwe, amapayipi, izinduku, nemikhiqizo yemodeli. Ukuthungwa kuminyene futhi ingaphezulu libushelelezi futhi lihlanzekile.
Ukuncipha kokujoyina kokubumba
Ukuhlolisisa okuhlotshiswe ngokushintshana kuyindlela yeplastiki yokubumba yeplastiki eyenzelwe isisekelo sokubumba kokucindezela, eyaziwa nangokuthi ukubumba kokudlulisa. Inqubo iyafana nenqubo yokubumba yomjovo. Ngesikhathi sokuncipha komjovo, ipulasitiki ifakwe ngopulasitiki esifubeni sokudla kwesikhunta bese ingena emgodini ngohlelo lwe-gating. Ukubumba komjovo kufakwe upristi emgqonyeni womjovo wokubumba.
Umehluko phakathi kokubumba kokuncishiswa kokunciphiswa nokubumba: Inqubo yokubumba yokuxhumanisa ukondla okuqukethwe kuqala bese kuvalwa isikhunta, ngenkathi ukubumba kokujova ngokuvamile kudinga ukuthi isikhunta sivalelwe ngaphambi kokondla.
Izici zenqubo:
Izinzuzo: (kuqhathaniswa nokubumba kokucindezela)
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(2) Fushanisa umjikelezo wokubumba, uthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza, futhi uthuthukise ubungako namandla ezingxenye zepulasitiki.
(3) Njengoba isikhunta sivaliwe ngokuphelele ngaphambi kokubumba kwepulasitiki, ukukhanya kwendawo yokuhlukanisa kuncibilike kakhulu, ngakho-ke ukunemba kwengxenye yepulasitiki kulula ukukuqinisekisa, futhi ukuqina kwepulasitiki nakho kuphansi.
Ukushiyeka:
(1) Kuzohlala kuyingxenye yezinto ezisele ezisele egumbini lokudla, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezingavuthiwe kukhulu.
(2) Ukuncishiswa komaki wesango kwandisa umthwalo.
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(4) Ukwakheka kwesikhunta nakho kuyinkimbinkimbi ukwedlula lokho okubumba kokucindezela.
(5) Izimo zenqubo ziqinile kunokubumba kokucindezela, futhi ukusebenza kunzima.
Ukubumba Okujikelezayo
Ukubumba okushintshashintshayo kwengeza izinto ezivuthiwe zepulasitiki kulokhu isikhunta, bese isikhunta siqhutshwa ngokuqhubekayo amambazo amabili aqonde mpo futhi afudumele. Ngaphansi kwesenzo samandla adonsela phansi namandla, izinto ezivuthiwe zepulasitiki ezibunjiweyo zihlanganiswa kancane kancane futhi zincibilike futhi zincibilike, futhi zilandelwa kuwo wonke umthambo wobumba. Kwenziwe ngesimo esidingekayo, bese kupholile futhi kubunjiwe, kuncishiswe, futhi ekugcineni, umkhiqizo uyatholakala.
Inzuzo:
(1) Nikeza isikhala esithe xaxa sokuklama nokunciphisa izindleko zomhlangano.
(2) Ukuguqulwa okulula nezindleko eziphansi.
(3) Gcina izinto zokwakha ezingavuthiwe.
Isicelo:
I-Polo Polo, ibhola lokuntanta, ichibi lokubhukuda elincane, i-ped yebhayisekili, i-surfboard, ukuvala umshini, ikhava yokuvikela, i-lampshade, uphahla lwezolimo, njll.
Eziyisishiyagalombili, zokwehla kwepulasitiki
Ukwehla kokubumba ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ze-Thermoplastic Polymer ezinezici zombuso eziguquguqukayo, okungukuthi, ukugeleza okubonakalayo ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, kanye nezimpawu zokubuyela esimweni esiqinile emazingeni okushisa asekamelweni. Futhi sebenzisa indlela efanele kanye namathuluzi akhethekile ku-inkjet. Esimweni sayo sokugeleza kwe-viscous, kubunjwe ekwakhekeni okuklanywe njengoba kudingeka bese kuqiniswa ekushiseni kwegumbi. Inqubo yezobuchwepheshe ikakhulukazi ifaka izigaba ezintathu: Ukukala okuphola ngeplastiki nokuqina kweplastiki nokuqina.
Inzuzo:
(1) Umkhiqizo unokubonakala okuhle futhi ucwebe.
(2) Inezinto ezibonakalayo ezinjengokulwa nokuphambana, amanzi manzi nokungcola.
(3) Inomphumela oyingqayizivele onobukhulu obuthathu.
Isicelo:
Amagilavu epulasitiki, amabhaluni, amakhondomu, njll.
Kwakha i-blister
Ukuqunjelwa kwe-Blister, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-vacuum yakha izindlela, ingenye yezindlela ze-thermoplastic thermofula. Kubhekisa ku-cleacking yeshidi noma impahla yepuleti ohlakeni lomshini owakha i-vacuum. Ngemuva kokushisa nokuthambisa, kuzoba ama-adsorbed kusikhunta nge-vacuum ngesiteshi somoya onqenqemeni lwesikhunta. Ngemuva kwesikhashana esifushane sokupholisa, kutholakala imikhiqizo epulasitiki ebunjiwe.
Izici zenqubo:
Izindlela zokwakha ze-vacuum ikakhulukazi zifaka i-concave Die Die Dies ukwakha, i-concave ye-vacuum yakha ukwakheka kwe-vacuum, ukwakheka kwe-vacuum elandelanayo, ukwakhiwa kwe-vacuum-phansi ngedivaysi ye-purf buffer, njll.
Inzuzo:
Imishini ilula, isikhunta asidingi ukubekezelela ingcindezi futhi ingenziwa ngensimbi, ngokhuni, noma i-gypsum, ngejubane elakhiwe ngokushesha nokusebenza okulula.
Isicelo:
Isetshenziswe kabanzi emaphaketheni angaphakathi nangaphandle okudla, izimonyo, amathoyizi, amathoyizi, ama-crafts, umuthi, imikhiqizo yokunakekelwa kwempilo, izikweletu zansuku zonke; Izindebe ezilahliwe, izinkomishi ezinemisebenzi ehlukahlukene, njll.
Ukugoqa kokubumba
Ukubumba okushibilika kuthulula unamathisela ipulasitiki (i-plastisol) kusibumba (isikhunta se-concave noma sowesifazane) osuselwa ekushiseni okuthile. Ipulasitiki yokunamathisela eduze nodonga lwangaphakathi lwesigaxa se-mold luzokhuthaza khona ukushisa, bese uthele unamathisela ipulasitiki elingakaze lilingene. Indlela yokuphatha ukushisa (ukubhaka nokuncibilika) Ipulazitiki yokunamathisela enamathiselwe odongeni olungaphakathi lwe-caversity yombumba, bese uyipholisa ukuthola umkhiqizo ongenalutho kusuka kubumbi.
Izici zenqubo:
(1) Izindleko eziphansi zemishini, nejubane lokukhiqiza eliphakeme.
(2) Ukulawulwa kwenqubo kulula, kepha ukunemba kobukhulu, kanye nekhwalithi (isisindo) womkhiqizo kumpofu.
Isicelo:
Isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi amadeshibhodi e-High-End Car neminye imikhiqizo edinga umuzwa wesandla esiphezulu nemiphumela yokubuka, amathoyizi epulasitiki asweleka, njll.
Isikhathi Sokuthumela: APR-19-2023
