I-Forging igama eliqoqiwe lokubumba nokugxiviza.Kuyindlela yokucubungula yokwakheka esebenzisa isando, i-anvil, kanye ne-punch yomshini wokubumba noma isikhunta ukufaka ingcindezi endaweni engenalutho ukuze kubangele ukuguqulwa kwepulasitiki ukuthola izingxenye zomumo nosayizi odingekayo.
Yini ukubumba
Ngesikhathi senqubo yokubumba, yonke into engenalutho iba ne-deformation ebalulekile yepulasitiki kanye nenani elikhulu lokugeleza kwepulasitiki.Enqubweni yokugxiviza, okungenalutho kwakhiwa ngokuyinhloko ngokushintsha indawo yendawo ngayinye yengxenye, futhi akukho ukugeleza kwepulasitiki ebangeni elikhulu ngaphakathi kwayo.I-Forging isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukucubungula izingxenye zensimbi.Ingase futhi isetshenziselwe ukucubungula ezinye izinto ezingezona ezensimbi, ezifana nepulasitiki yobunjiniyela, irabha, izikhala zobumba, izitini, kanye nokwenza izinto eziyinhlanganisela.
Izimboni zokugingqa, ukudweba, njll. ezimbonini zokubumba nezensimbi zonke ziyipulasitiki noma ingcindezi.Kodwa-ke, ukubumba kusetshenziswa kakhulu ukukhiqiza izingxenye zensimbi, kuyilapho ukugingqa nokudweba kusetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ukukhiqiza izinto zensimbi ezihloselwe ukujwayelekile njengamapuleti, imicu, amapayipi, amaphrofayili, nezintambo.
Ukwahlukaniswa Kokuqamba
I-Forging ihlukaniswa ngokuyinhloko ngendlela yokwenza kanye nokushisa kwe-deformation.Ngokwendlela yokwenza, ukubumba kungahlukaniswa izigaba ezimbili: ukubumba nokugxiviza.Ngokwezinga lokushisa le-deformation, i-forging ingahlukaniswa ibe yi-forging eshisayo, i-forging ebandayo, i-forging efudumele, ne-isothermal forging, njll.
1. Ukuganga okushisayo
I-Hot Forging yenziwa ngaphezu kwezinga lokushisa le-recrystallization lensimbi.Ukwandisa izinga lokushisa kungathuthukisa i-plasticity yensimbi, okuzuzisa ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yangaphakathi ye-workpiece futhi kuyenze ibe mancane amathuba okuqhekeka.Amazinga okushisa aphezulu anganciphisa ukumelana ne-deformation yensimbi futhi anciphise amathani adingekayoimishini yokwakha.Kodwa-ke, kunezinqubo eziningi zokubumba ezishisayo, ukunemba kwe-workpiece akukuhle, futhi ingaphezulu alibushelelezi.Futhi ama-forging athambekele ekubeni ne-oxidation, i-decarburization, kanye nomonakalo ovuthayo.Uma i-workpiece inkulu futhi iwugqinsi, i-material inamandla aphezulu kanye ne-plasticity ephansi (njengokugoba kwamapuleti aminyene, ukudweba kwezinduku zensimbi ye-carbon ephezulu, njll.), kanye nokufaka okushisayo kuyasetshenziswa.
Amazinga okushisa asetshenziswa ngokujwayelekile: carbon steel 800 ~ 1250 ℃;ingxubevange yensimbi yesakhiwo 850 ~ 1150 ℃;isivinini esikhulu sensimbi 900 ~ 1100 ℃;evame ukusetshenziswa aluminium ingxubevange 380 ~ 500 ℃;ingxubevange 850 ~ 1000 ℃;ithusi 700 ~ 900 ℃.
2. Ukuganga okubandayo
I-Cold forging yenziwa ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa le-metal recrystallization.Ngokuvamile, ukubumba okubandayo kubhekisela ekufakeni izinga lokushisa ekamelweni.
Ama-workpieces akhiwe ngokufoja okubandayo ekamelweni lokushisa anomumo ophezulu kanye nokunemba kobukhulu, izindawo ezibushelelezi, izinyathelo ezimbalwa zokucubungula, futhi zilungele ukukhiqizwa okuzenzakalelayo.Izingxenye eziningi ezibandayo ezakhiwe nezigxivizwe ezibandayo zingasetshenziswa ngokuqondile njengezingxenye noma imikhiqizo ngaphandle kwesidingo somshini.Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi sokubumba okubandayo, ngenxa ye-plasticity ephansi yensimbi, ukuqhekeka kulula ukwenzeka ngesikhathi sokuguqulwa futhi ukumelana nokuguqulwa kukhulu, kudinga imishini yokwenza amathani amakhulu.
3. Ukukhanga okufudumele
Ukwakha ezingeni lokushisa elingaphezu kwezinga lokushisa elivamile kodwa elingeqi izinga lokushisa lecrystallization kubizwa ngokuthi i- warm forging.Insimbi ishisa ngaphambili, futhi izinga lokushisa lokufudumala liphansi kakhulu kunelo lokukhwabanisa okushisayo.Ukubumba okufudumele kunokunemba okuphezulu, indawo ebushelelezi, kanye nokumelana nokuguquguquka okuphansi.
4. I-Isothermal forging
I-Isothermal forging igcina izinga lokushisa elingenalutho lingashintshi phakathi nayo yonke inqubo yokubumba.I-Isothermal forging iwukusebenzisa ngokugcwele ipulasitiki ephezulu yezinsimbi ezithile ezingeni lokushisa elifanayo noma ukuthola izakhiwo nezakhiwo ezithile.I-Isothermal forging idinga ukugcina isikhunta kanye nezinto ezimbi ekushiseni okungaguquki, okudinga izindleko eziphezulu futhi kusetshenziselwa kuphela izinqubo ezikhethekile zokubumba, ezifana nokubunjwa kwe-superplastic.
Izici Zokuqamba
Ukuqamba kungashintsha isakhiwo sensimbi futhi kuthuthukise izakhiwo zensimbi.Ngemuva kokuthi i-ingot ishisa i-forged, i-looseness yasekuqaleni, ama-pores, ama-micro-cracks, njll esimweni se-cast ahlanganiswe noma ashiselwe.Ama-dendrite okuqala aphukile, okwenza izinhlamvu zibe ngcono.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuhlukaniswa kwe-carbide yasekuqaleni kanye nokusabalalisa okungalingani kuyashintshwa.Yenza umfaniswano wesakhiwo, ukuze uthole ama-forging aminyene, afanayo, amahle, anokusebenza okuhle okuphelele, futhi athembekile ekusetshenzisweni.Ngemuva kokuthi i-forging ikhutshaziwe ngenxa yokushisa okushisayo, insimbi inesakhiwo esine-fibrous.Ngemuva kokuguqulwa okubandayo kokubumba, ikristalu yensimbi iba ngokuhlelekile.
Ukuqamba ukwenza insimbi igeleze ngokwepulasitiki ukuze yakhe ucezwana lomsebenzi wesimo oyifunayo.Umthamo wensimbi awushintshi ngemva kokugeleza kwepulasitiki ngenxa yamandla angaphandle, futhi insimbi ihlale igeleza engxenyeni enokumelana okuncane.Ekukhiqizeni, ukwakheka kwe-workpiece kuvame ukulawulwa ngokwale mithetho ukuze kuzuzwe ukuguga okufana nokujiya, ukwelula, ukunwetshwa, ukugoba, nokudweba okujulile.
Ubukhulu bomsebenzi owenziwe ngomgunyathi bunembile futhi buhambisana nokuhlela ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi.Ubukhulu bokwakheka kwesikhunta ezinhlelweni ezinjengokufoja, ukukhipha, nokugxiviza kunembile futhi kuzinzile.Imishini yokubumba esebenza kahle kakhulu kanye nemigqa yokukhiqiza yokuzenzela ingasetshenziswa ukuhlela ukukhiqizwa kwenqwaba okukhethekile noma ngobuningi.
Imishini yokubumba esetshenziswa kakhulu ihlanganisa izando zokubumba,imishini ye-hydraulic, kanye nemishini yokunyathelisa.Isando sokubumba sinesivinini esikhulu somthelela, esizuzisa ukugeleza kwepulasitiki kwensimbi, kodwa sizokhiqiza ukudlidliza.Umshini wokunyathelisa we-hydraulic usebenzisa ukubumba okumile, okuzuzisa ukubumba ngensimbi nokwenza ngcono isakhiwo.Umsebenzi uzinzile, kodwa umkhiqizo uphansi.Umshini wokunyathelisa une-stroke engaguquki futhi kulula ukusebenzisa umshini nokuzishintshanisa.
I-Development Trend of Forging Technology
I-1) Ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yangaphakathi yezingxenye ezifojiwe, ikakhulukazi ukuthuthukisa izakhiwo zazo zemishini (amandla, ipulasitiki, ukuqina, amandla okukhathala) nokuthembeka.
Lokhu kudinga ukusetshenziswa kangcono theory of deformation plastic izinsimbi.Faka okokusebenza ngekhwalithi engcono ngokwemvelo, njengensimbi evalwe ngevacuum kanye nensimbi encibilikisiwe.Yenza ukushisisa kwe-pre-forging kanye nokwelashwa kokushisa kwe-forging ngendlela efanele.Ukuhlolwa okuqinile nokubanzi okungabhubhi kwezingxenye ezifojiwe.
2) Thuthukisa ngokunemba ubuchwepheshe bokwenza isitembu nokunemba.Ukucutshungulwa okunganqamuli kuyisilinganiso nesiqondiso esibaluleke kakhulu embonini yemishini yokuthuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinto, ukuthuthukisa ukukhiqiza kwabasebenzi, nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla.Ukuthuthukiswa kokushisisa okungeyona i-oxidative kwezikhala zokubumba, kanye nokuqina okuphezulu, ukumelana nokuguga, isikhunta sempilo ende nezindlela zokwelashwa kwendawo, kuzovumela ukusetshenziswa okwandisiwe kokufoja okunembayo kanye nokugxiviza ngokunemba.
3) Thuthukisa imishini yokubumba kanye nemigqa yokukhiqiza ekhiqizayo ephezulu kanye ne-automation.Ngaphansi kokukhiqizwa okukhethekile, ukukhiqizwa kwezabasebenzi kuba ngcono kakhulu futhi izindleko zokuqamba ziyancishiswa.
I-4) Thuthukisa izinhlelo zokubumba eziguquguqukayo (ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe beqembu, ukuguqulwa kokufa okusheshayo, njll.).Lokhu kuvumela ukukhiqizwa kokubumba okuhlukahlukene okuhlukahlukene, okuyinqwaba ukuze kusetshenziswe imishini yokubumba esebenza kahle kakhulu futhi ezenzakalelayo noma imigqa yokukhiqiza.Yenza umkhiqizo nomnotho wayo usondele ezingeni lokukhiqiza ngobuningi.
5) Thuthukisa izinto ezintsha, ezifana nezindlela zokucubungula ze-powder metallurgy materials (ikakhulukazi i-double-layer metal powder), insimbi ewuketshezi, amapulasitiki aqiniswe ngefayibha, nezinye izinto eziyinhlanganisela.Thuthukisa ubuchwepheshe obufana nokwakheka kwe-superplastic, ukwakha amandla aphezulu, kanye nokwakheka kwangaphakathi kwengcindezi ephezulu.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Feb-04-2024
